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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ilvm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нормативно-правовое регулирование в ветеринарии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Legal regulation in veterinary medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-6252</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SpbGUVM Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52419/issn2782-6252.2026.2.91</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ilvm-1084</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ НАУЧНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ В ВЕТЕРИНАРИИ. ИНФЕКЦИОННЫЕ БОЛЕЗНИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESULTS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN VETERINARY MEDICINE: INFECTIOUS DISEASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эпизоотология факторно-эндогенных инфекций</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Epizootology of factor-endogenous infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8464-6380</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаров</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Владимирович Макаров - д-р биол.наук, проф. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir Vl. Makarov - Dr. of Biological Sciences, Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vvm-39@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Барсуков</surname><given-names>Ю. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Barsukov</surname><given-names>Yu. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юрий Иванович Барсуков - канд.ветеринар.наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuri Iv. Barsukov - Candidate of Veterinary Science</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0619-4286</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стекольников</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stekolnikov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анатолий Александрович Стекольников - д-р ветеринар.наук, проф., академик РАН </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anatoly Al. Stekolnikov - Dr. of Veterinary Sciences, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центр ветеринарии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Veterinary Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет ветеринарной медицины</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>91</fpage><lpage>103</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Макаров В.В., Барсуков Ю.И., Стекольников А.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Макаров В.В., Барсуков Ю.И., Стекольников А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Makarov V.V., Barsukov Y.I., Stekolnikov A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ilvm.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1084">https://ilvm.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1084</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена изучению эпизоотологии факторно-эндогенных инфекций. Рассмотрены теоретические основы эпизоотического процесса, различия между классическим экзогенным вариантом инфекционной патологии и эндогенным, «закрытым» вариантом, при котором решающую роль играют факторы риска, дисбиоз, иммунодефицитные состояния и активация условно-патогенных микроорганизмов. Особое внимание уделено микробиологическим предпосылкам эндогенных инфекций, эубиозу, дисбиозу, персистенции вирусов и условной патогенности представителей микробиоты. Показано, что факторно-эндогенные инфекции не всегда укладываются в традиционную модель эпизоотического процесса, поскольку могут развиваться без типичного заноса возбудителя и цепной передачи. Обосновано, что такие заболевания сохраняют популяционное значение для промышленного животноводства и требуют рассмотрения в рамках современной эпизоотологии. Сделан акцент на необходимости учитывать состояние микробиоты, факторы содержания, иммунологический статус животных и условия среды при оценке риска возникновения массовой инфекционной патологии. Практическая значимость работы связана с уточнением подходов к профилактике факторных заболеваний и интерпретации их эпизоотологического статуса. Это особенно важно для крупных хозяйств с высокой плотностью поголовья животных и технологическими нагрузками.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is devoted to the study of the epizootology of factor-endogenous infections. The theoretical foundations of the epizootic process are considered, including the differences between the classical exogenous variant of infectious pathology and the endogenous, “closed” variant, in which risk factors, dysbiosis, immunodeficiency states, and activation of opportunistic microorganisms play a decisive role. Particular attention is paid to the microbiological prerequisites of endogenous infections, eubiosis, dysbiosis, viral persistence, and the opportunistic pathogenicity of microbiota representatives. It is shown that factor-endogenous infections do not always fit into the traditional model of the epizootic process, since they may develop without typical pathogen introduction and chain transmission. It is substantiated that such diseases retain population significance for industrial livestock farming and should be considered within the framework of modern epizootology. Emphasis is placed on the need to take into account the state of the microbiota, housing factors, the immunological status of animals, and environmental conditions when assessing the risk of mass infectious pathology. The practical significance of the work is associated with the clarification of approaches to the prevention of factor-related diseases and the interpretation of their epizootological status. This is especially important for large farms with high animal stocking density and technological stressors".</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>факторные болезни</kwd><kwd>эпизоотология</kwd><kwd>эубиоз</kwd><kwd>условная патогенность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>factor-related diseases</kwd><kwd>epizootology</kwd><kwd>eubiosis</kwd><kwd>opportunistic pathogenicity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алипкина С.И. и др. Роль эндогенных ретровирусов в процессе доместикации. Успехи современной биологии. 2021;141(1):14-24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alipkina S.I. et al. The role of endogenous retroviruses in the domestication process. Advances in modern biology. 2021; 141(1):14-24. 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