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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ilvm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нормативно-правовое регулирование в ветеринарии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Legal regulation in veterinary medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-6252</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SpbGUVM Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52419/issn2782-6252.2026.2.104</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ilvm-1085</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКУШЕРСТВО, ГИНЕКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OBSTETRICS, GYNECOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Генетические маркеры фертильности быков</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genetic markers of bull fertility</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Александрова</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aleksandrova</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>С.С. Александрова - ассистент лаборатории генетических и репродуктивных биотехнологий</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>S.S. Aleksandrova - Assistant Professor, Laboratory of Genetic and Reproductive Biotechnology</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7011-4594</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корочкина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korochkina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Александровна Корочкина - д-р.ветеринар.наук, доц. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena Al. Korochkina - Dr. of Veterinary Sciences, Assoc. Prof.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e.kora@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крылова</surname><given-names>Д. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krylova</surname><given-names>D. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дарья Дмитриевна Крылова - ассистент кафедры генетических и репродукционных технологий</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daria D. Krylova - Assistant Professor, Department of Genetic and Reproductive Technologies</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет ветеринарной медицины</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>104</fpage><lpage>110</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Александрова С.С., Корочкина Е.А., Крылова Д.Д., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Александрова С.С., Корочкина Е.А., Крылова Д.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Aleksandrova S.S., Korochkina E.A., Krylova D.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ilvm.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1085">https://ilvm.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1085</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью данной работы явилась систематизация данных о фертильности быков-производителей и использовании породных маркеров-фертильности в разведении скота. Фертильность – это оплодотворяющая способность сперматозоидов [17, 20]. Реализация фертильного потенциала животных зависит от ряда факторов: физиологических (количество сперматозоидов в эякуляте, их подвижность, наличие патологических форм), факторов окружающей среды (кормление, гигиена и содержание, климатические условия и адаптация животных) и наследственных маркеров. К генетическим маркерам фертильности относятся TMEM95, FSH, SPEF2, INHAB, EML5 и TNP2. Одним из основных генов является TMEM95, кодирующий трансмембранный белок 1 типа. Данный ген экспрессируется в плазматической мембране акросомы, в нем детектирована ассоциированная со снижением фертильности мутация с.483 С&gt;A (rs378652941), у породы Флекви. Не менее важным является фолликулостимулирующий гормон FSH, который стимулирует митотическое деление гамет. Мутации данного гена вызывают нарушения качества и количества спермы. Выявленные в регуляторной области гена мутации представлены в таблице 1 [16,27]. Геном, ассоциированный с движением сперматозоидов является SPEF2. Продукт гена оказывает влияние на формирование жгутиков, полиморфизм с.2851 G&gt;T (rs6891905) приводит к образованию укороченных жгутиков сперматозоидов «синдром короткохвостых SPEF2 сперматозоидов». К распространенным генам, влияющим на фертильность, относят INHAB, кодирует бета-субъединицу ингибина, снижает секрецию FSH и регулирует функции половых желез. Выявленный у голштинов полиморфизм ассоциирован с качеством спермы и подвижностью сперматозоидов. Ген, кодирующий белок микротрубочек EML5. Мутация rs380547429 детектирована у абердинской породы, способствует снижению качества спермы. Ген TNP2, кодирует белок, способствующий спирализации хромосом и упаковке генетического материала в гаметы. В заключении нужно отметить, что возникновение наследственных мутаций, вызывает нарушения в образовании спермы, такие как: снижение количества сперматозоидов в эякуляте, изменение подвижности и нарушения строения спермиев.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose of this work was to systematize data on the fertility of breeding bulls and the use of breed markers-fertility in cattle breeding. Fertility is the fertilizing ability of spermatozoa [17, 20]. The realization of the fertile potential of animals depends on a number of factors: physiological (the number of spermatozoa in the ejaculate, their mobility, the presence of pathological sperm), environmental factors (feeding, hygiene and maintenance, climatic conditions and adaptation of animals) and hereditary markers. Genetic markers of fertility include TMEM95, FSH, SPEF2, INHAB, EML5, and TNP2. One of the main genes is TMEM95, encoding type 1 transmembrane protein. This gene is expressed in the plasma membrane of the acrosome, and a mutation C.483 C&gt;A (rs378652941) associated with decreased fertility has been detected in the Flekvi breed. Equally important is the follicle-stimulating hormone FSH, which stimulates the mitotic division of gametes. Mutations of this gene cause violations of the quality and quantity of sperm. The mutations identified in the regulatory region of the gene are shown in Table 1 [16,27]. The gene associated with sperm movement is SPEF2. The product of the gene affects the formation of flagella, polymorphism C.2851 G&gt;T (rs6891905) leads to the formation of shortened flagella of spermatozoa "short-tailed SPEF2 sperm syndrome". Common genes that affect fertility include INHAB, encodes the beta subunit of inhibin, reduces FSH secretion, and regulates the functions of the sex glands. The polymorphism found in Holsteins is associated with sperm quality and sperm motility. The gene encoding the microtubule protein EML5. The rs380547429 mutation was detected in the Aberdeen breed, which contributes to a decrease in sperm quality. The TNP2 gene encodes a protein that promotes chromosome helixing and packaging of genetic material into gametes. In conclusion, it should be noted that the occurrence of hereditary mutations causes disorders in sperm formation, such as a decrease in the number of spermatozoa in the ejaculate, changes in motility and structural disorders of the sperm.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гены-кандидаты</kwd><kwd>абердин-ангуссы</kwd><kwd>быки</kwd><kwd>фертильность</kwd><kwd>сперматозоиды</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>candidate genes</kwd><kwd>Aberdeen Angus</kwd><kwd>bulls</kwd><kwd>fertility</kwd><kwd>sper m</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Артеменко Д. Д., Буевич А. П. 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