ilvmНормативно-правовое регулирование в ветеринарииLegal regulation in veterinary medicine2782-6252SpbGUVM Publishing House10.52419/issn2782-6252.2022.2.71ilvm-367Research ArticleНЕЗАРАЗНЫЕ БОЛЕЗНИДиагностика и лечение аутоиммунных болезней центральной нервной системы у собак: анализ обзора литературыDiagnosis and treatment of autoimmune diseases of the brain and spinal cord in dogs: analysis of the literature reviewГлазуновА. Д.GlazunovA. D.

Глазунов Александр Дмитриевич, студент 

Alexander D. Glazunov, student 

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4030-2295ШафиевА. П.ShafiyevA. P.

Шафиев Алексей Павлович, канд.ветеринар.наук 

Alexey P. Shafiyev, Ph.D. of Veterinary Sciences 

Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет ветеринарной медициныРоссияSt. Petersburg State University of Veterinary MedicineRussian Federation202207072022027177Copyright © Глазунов А.Д., Шафиев А.П., 20222022Глазунов А.Д., Шафиев А.П.Glazunov A.D., Shafiyev A.P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://ilvm.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/367

Целью нашего исследования было изучить современные российские и зарубежные источники литературы по аутоиммунным болезням головного и спинного мозга у собак, рассмотреть научные работы, дающие новые данные о понимании этиологии, патогенеза, диагностики и лечении данных болезней.

К аутоиммунным болезням центральной нервной системы относятся такие заболевания, как энцефалит, менингит и миелит, различающиеся по характеру и локализации воспаления. Также часто встречаются совместные воспаления различных частей нервной системы: менингомиелит, энцефаломиелит и менингоэнцефаломиелит. Также к аутоиммунным болезням ЦНС относится стероид-зависимый менингоартериит.

Основными методами диагностики этих заболеваний, по анализу данных мировой литературы, являются анализ спинномозговой жидкости пациента и проведение магнитно-резонансной томографии (МРТ). Анализ спинномозговой жидкости (СМЖ) проводится с целью обнаружения изменений, характерных для диагноза. С помощью МРТ возможно определить места локализации воспалений. Ряд исследований был направлен на улучшение методов диагностики путём обнаружения новых факторов, характерных для аутоиммунных заболеваний нервной системы. Приведены данные об обнаружении в спинномозговой жидкости собак антител, соответствующих человеческим и об изменении в ней концентрации различных веществ. Это позволяет проводить более быструю и точную диагностику.

В результате обобщения литературных данных было установлено, что для лечения аутоиммунных болезней головного и спинного мозга собак используются иммуносупрессивные препараты. Согласно приведённым данным, наиболее эффективным из известных методов лечения аутоиммунных менингоэнцефалитов является применение комбинации преднизолона и мезилата иматиниба. Для лечения стероид-зависимый менингоартериит (SRMA) используются различные кортикостероидные препараты, самым оптимальным из которых является совмещение преднизолона и цитарабина.

The main methods of diagnosing these diseases, according to the analysis of world literature data, are the analysis of the patient's cerebrospinal fluid and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is carried out in order to detect changes characteristic of the diagnosis. With the help of MRI, it is possible to determine the localization of inflammation. A number of studies have been aimed at improving diagnostic methods by detecting new factors characteristic of autoimmune diseases of the nervous system. Data on the detection of antibodies corresponding to human antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid of dogs and on changes in the concentration of various substances in it are presented. This allows for faster and more accurate diagnostics.

As a result of the generalization of the literature data, it was found that immunosuppressive drugs are used for the treatment of autoimmune diseases of the brain and spinal cord of dogs. According to the data presented, the most effective of the known methods of treatment of autoimmune meningoencephalitis is the use of a combination of prednisolone and imatinib mesylate. For the treatment of steroid-dependent meningoarteritis (SRMA), various corticosteroid drugs are used, the most optimal of which is the combination of prednisone and cytarabine.

The purpose of our study was to study modern Russian and foreign literature sources on autoimmune diseases of the brain and spinal cord in dogs, methods of diagnosis and treatment of these diseases and to review works that provide new data on their treatment, diagnosis and understanding of etiology and pathogenesis.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.