ilvmНормативно-правовое регулирование в ветеринарииLegal regulation in veterinary medicine2782-6252SpbGUVM Publishing House10.52419/issn2782-6252.2022.4.87ilvm-465Research ArticleНЕЗАРАЗНЫЕ БОЛЕЗНИПрофилактика субклинических форм гипокальцемии и кетоза молочных коровPrevention of subclinical forms of hypocalcemia and ketosis in dairy cowsСеменовВ. Г.SemenovV. G.

д-р.биол.наук, проф.

Dr. Habil. of Biological Sciences, Prof.

ТюринВ. Г.TyurinV. G.

д-р.ветеринар.наук, проф.

Dr. Habil. of Veterinary Sciences, Prof

КузнецовА. Ф.KuznetsovA. F.

д-р.ветеринар.наук, проф.

Dr. Habil. of Veterinary Sciences, Prof

СимурзинаЕ. П.SimurzinaE. P.

канд.ветеринар.наук, доц.

PhD of Veterinary Sciences, Docent

НикитинД. А.NikitinD. A.

д-р.ветеринар.наук, доц.

КондручинаС. Г.KondruchinaS. G.

канд.ветеринар.наук, доц.

PhD of Veterinary Sciences, Docent

НикитинГ. С.NikitinG. S.

канд.ветеринар.наук, доц.

PhD of Veterinary Sciences, Docent

Чувашский государственный аграрный университетРоссияChuvash State Agrarian UniversityRussian FederationВНИИВСГЭ – филиал ФГБНУ ФНЦ ВИЭВ РАНРоссияVNIIVSGE - branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution FNTs VIEV RASRussian FederationСанкт-Петербургский государственный университет ветеринарной медициныRussian FederationСанкт-Петербургский государственный университет ветеринарной медициныРоссияSt. Petersburg State University of Veterinary MedicineRussian Federation202206012023048792Copyright © Семенов В.Г., Тюрин В.Г., Кузнецов А.Ф., Симурзина Е.П., Никитин Д.А., Кондручина С.Г., Никитин Г.С., 20232023Семенов В.Г., Тюрин В.Г., Кузнецов А.Ф., Симурзина Е.П., Никитин Д.А., Кондручина С.Г., Никитин Г.С.Semenov V.G., Tyurin V.G., Kuznetsov A.F., Simurzina E.P., Nikitin D.A., Kondruchina S.G., Nikitin G.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://ilvm.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/465

С целью повышения молочной и мясной продуктивности крупного рогатого скота ведется активное внедрение на животноводческих предприятиях современных технологий содержания, кормления и эксплуатации. На фоне технологических стресс-факторов у крупного рогатого скота отмечается сокращение продолжительности продуктивного использования, что обусловлено высокой заболеваемостью в результате снижения иммунного ответа. Экономические потери, связанные с послеродовыми заболеваниями, вынуждают специалистов принимать более обоснованные решения относительно профилактики и терапии данной группы болезней.

Именно по этой причине целью нашего исследования стало изучение распространения послеродовых заболеваний высокопродуктивных коров и профилактика нарушений метаболизма после отела биопрепаратами PS-2, Prevention-N-E и ПДЭ с Е-селен.

В ходе анализа заболеваемости выявлено, что после отела у коров чаще всего регистрируют акушерско-гинекологические патологии: мастит (26,5%), эндометрит (24,5%), субинволюцию матки (24,15%), задержание последа (7,15%), заболевания яичников (17,45%). На фоне погрешностей в кормлении в транзитный период у животных наблюдается дефицит кальция, глюкозы, фосфора, а также превышение референсных значений по показателям обмена аминотрансфераз. После иммунокоррекции организма у животных 1-й, 2-й и 3-й опытных групп отмечается увеличение уровня кальция в отличие от контроля на 0,22 ммоль/л – PS-2, 0,27 ммоль/л – Prevention-N-E и 0,24 ммоль/л – ПДЭ+Е-селен. Аналогичная динамика наблюдалась и по уровню глюкозы в крови коров опытных групп, превосходя контрольные показатели на 22–38 %.

Применение биопрепаратов PS-2, Prevention-N-E и ПДЭ с Е-селен позволило сократить случаи субклинического кетоза и гипокальциемии у новотельных коров в два раза в сравнении с животными, которым инъекции препаратов не проводились, что свидетельствует о нормализации минерального обмена организма и усвояемости питательных веществ кормовой моносмеси. 

Obtaining livestock products from healthy livestock is the main goal of the entire livestock industry. The intensification of animal husbandry is accompanied by the active introduction of modern technologies for keeping, feeding and exploitation. Against the background of technological stress factors in cattle, there is a decrease in the duration of productive use, which is due to high morbidity against the background of a decrease in the immune response. The economic losses associated with postpartum illness are forcing professionals to make more informed decisions about prevention and treatment.

It is for this reason that the purpose of our study was to study the spread of postpartum diseases in highly productive cows and the prevention of metabolic disorders in newborn cows with PS-2, Prevention-N-E and PDE with E-selenium.

In the course of the analysis of morbidity, it was revealed that after calving cows, obstetric and gynecological pathologies are most often recorded: mastitis (26.5%), endometritis (24.5%), subinvolution of the uterus (24.15%), retention of the placenta (7.15%), ovarian diseases (17.45%). Against the background of inaccuracies in feeding during the transition period, the animals have a deficiency of calcium, glucose, phosphorus, as well as an excess of reference values in terms of aminotransferase metabolism. Against the background of immunocorrection of the body in cows of 1,2 and 3 experimental groups, an increase in the level of calcium, in contrast to the control, is noted by 0.22 mmol / l - PS-2, 0.27 - Prevention-NE and 0.24 mmol / l - PDE+ E-selenium. Similar dynamics was observed in the level of glucose in the blood of cows of the experimental groups, exceeding the control values by 22-38%.

The use of PS-2, Prevention-N-E and PDE with E-selenium made it possible to reduce the risk of latent ketosis and hypocalcemia by 2 times, compared with animals that did not receive prophylaxis.

The obtained results of biochemical studies prove the stimulating effect of biological products on the mineral metabolism of the body and the absorption of macronutrients.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.