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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ilvm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нормативно-правовое регулирование в ветеринарии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Legal regulation in veterinary medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-6252</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SpbGUVM Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52419/issn2782-6252.2023.2.38</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ilvm-563</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ НАУЧНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ В ВЕТЕРИНАРИИ. ИНФЕКЦИОННЫЕ БОЛЕЗНИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESULTS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN VETERINARY MEDICINE: INFECTIOUS DISEASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинически значимые и колонизирующие изоляты энтеробактерий с продукцией бета-лактамаз расширенного спектра и их значение в коневодстве</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinically significant and colonizing Enterobacteria isolates with extended spectrum beta-lactamase production and their significance in horse breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пушкина</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pushkina</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5435-8321</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макавчик</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makavchik</surname><given-names>S. An.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р.ветеринар.наук, доц.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Habil. in Veterinary Sciences, Docent</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет ветеринарной медицины</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>38</fpage><lpage>42</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пушкина В.С., Макавчик С.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пушкина В.С., Макавчик С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pushkina V.S., Makavchik S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ilvm.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/563">https://ilvm.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/563</self-uri><abstract><p>Данная обзорная статья посвящена проблематике возникновения и распространения антибиотикорезистентных энтеробактерий, продуцирующих бета-лактамазы в коневодстве. Колибактериоз жеребят - острая инфекционная болезнь молодняка, проявляющаяся диареей, признаками тяжелой интоксикации и обезвоживания организма, вызывается патогенными Escherichia coli. Жеребята заболевают в первые 3-7 суток после рождения. Заражение происходит алиментарно, реже - аэрогенно, возможен внутриутробный путь передачи. Источник инфекции - больные и переболевшие животные. Продолжительность болезни - 2-3 дня с летальностью до 90 %, что приводит к множественным экономическим потерям. Полирезистентные Escherichia coli могут аккумулироваться в кишечнике здоровых животных и выделяться с фекальными массами в окружающую среду, что приводит к распространению патогенной микрофлоры среди поголовья. В таком случае животные представляют собой латентных или скрытых носителей, не проявляющих клинических признаков болезни. Клинически значимые изоляты являются возбудителями инфекционно-воспалительных заболеваний. Данные микроорганизмы представляют потенциальную опасность развития инфекционного процесса, они проявляют вирулентные свойства, приводящие к повреждению тканей организма хозяина, что значительно ограничивает возможность их эрадикации. Наряду с клинически значимыми изолятами существуют колонизирующие изоляты, не являющиеся причиной инфекции конкретной локализации. Следует отметить, что при наличии определенных условий колонизирующий изолят способен вызвать инфекционный процесс. Нерациональное применение противомикробных препаратов - ключевая причина развития толерантности. Также, важную роль играют несвоевременное установление лабораторными методами ферментной инактивации антибиотиков и распространение генов резистентности. В настоящее время широко используются диски и среды с антибактериальными препаратами для обнаружения полирезистентности микроорганизмов. Наряду с этими методами применяются ПЦР-диагностика и секвенирование, позволяющие точно определять гены антибиотикорезистентности. В связи с важностью и актуальностью данной темы многие ученые проводят исследования с целью обнаружения и изучения полирезистентности энтеробактерий, таких бактерий, как E. coli, и их распространения среди животных.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This review article is devoted to the problem of the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant enterobacteria producing beta-lactamase in horse breeding. Foal colibacillosis is an acute infectious disease of young animals, manifested by diarrhea, signs of severe intoxication and dehydration of the body, caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli. Foals get sick in the first 3-7 days after birth. Infection occurs alimentary, less often – aerogenic and intrauterine transmission. The source of infection are sick and recovered animals. The duration of the disease is 2-3 days with a mortality rate of up to 90%, which leads to multiple economic losses. Multiresistant Escherichia coli can accumulate in the intestines of healthy animals and be excreted with fecal matter into the environment, which leads to the spread of pathogenic microflora among livestock. In this case, the animals are latent or hidden carriers that do not show clinical signs of the disease. Clinically significant isolates are causative agents of infectious and inflammatory diseases. These microorganisms represent a potential hazard for the development of an infectious process, they exhibit virulent properties that lead to damage to the tissues of the host organism, which significantly limits the possibility of their eradication. Along with clinically significant isolates, there are colonizing isolates that do not cause infection at a specific site. It should be noted that under certain conditions, the colonizing isolate can cause an infectious process. Irrational use of antimicrobials is a key reason for the development of tolerance. Also, the untimely detection of enzyme inactivation of antibiotics by laboratory methods and the spread of resistance genes play an important role. Currently, disks and media with antibacterial drugs are widely used to detect multidrug resistance of microorganisms. Along with these methods, PCR diagnostics and sequencing are used to accurately determine antibiotic resistance genes. Due to the importance and relevance of this topic, many scientists are conducting research to detect and study the multiresistance of enterobacteria such as E. coli, and their spread among animals.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антибиотикорезистентность</kwd><kwd>бактерии</kwd><kwd>бета-лактамазы</kwd><kwd>энтеробактерии</kwd><kwd>лошади</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>antibiotic resistance</kwd><kwd>bacteria</kwd><kwd>beta-lactamase</kwd><kwd>enterobacteria</kwd><kwd>horses</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Афиногенова, А.Г. 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