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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ilvm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нормативно-правовое регулирование в ветеринарии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Legal regulation in veterinary medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-6252</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SpbGUVM Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52419/issn2782-6252.2023.3.30</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ilvm-616</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ НАУЧНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ В ВЕТЕРИНАРИИ. ИНФЕКЦИОННЫЕ БОЛЕЗНИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESULTS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN VETERINARY MEDICINE: INFECTIOUS DISEASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Возникновение и распространение африканской чумы свиней в Западной Европе</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The emergence and spread of African Swine Fever in Western Europe</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6689-3468</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьмин</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzmin</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р ветеринар. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr.Habil. of Veterinary Sciences, Professor</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4333-6335</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боталова</surname><given-names>Д. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Botalova</surname><given-names>D. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD student</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7858-1947</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орехов</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orekhov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд.ветеринар.наук,доц.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD of Veterinary Sciences, Docent</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2994-6257</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цыганов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsyganov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд.педагог.наук, доц.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD of Pedagogical Sciences, Docent</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет ветеринарной медицины</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>30</fpage><lpage>34</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кузьмин В.А., Боталова Д.П., Орехов Д.А., Цыганов А.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кузьмин В.А., Боталова Д.П., Орехов Д.А., Цыганов А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuzmin V.A., Botalova D.P., Orekhov D.A., Tsyganov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ilvm.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/616">https://ilvm.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/616</self-uri><abstract><p>Африканская чума свиней (АЧС) – опаснейшая вирусная болезнь домашних свиней и диких кабанов, причиняет огромный экономический ущерб. Характеризуется острым, подострым, хроническим течением с высокой (до 100%) летальностью. Возбудитель АЧС выделен в отдельное семейство Asfarviridae, род Asfivirus. Болезнь имеет распространение в Африке, Европе, Азии. Цель обзорной статьи – проведение анализа литературных данных по возникновению и распространению эпизоотических очагов африканской чумы свиней в странах западной Европы. Материалы статьи основаны на результатах многочисленных эпизоотологических и диагностических исследований учёных из Испании, Португалии, Бельгии, Франции, Италии, Нидерландов, Мальты, Германии, Швеции.</p><p>Ввиду сложного сероиммунного строения возбудителя и невозможности формирования вируснейтрализующих антител существуют трудности в создании эффективных вакцин против АЧС. Главные инструменты для предупреждения распространения заболевания обусловлены применением жёстких карантинных мероприятий. Ранняя диагностика является важным компонентом контроля и искоренения АЧС.</p><p>Рассмотрены профилактические и ликвидационные мероприятия при АЧС в странах Западной Европы. Приведены рекомендации МЭБ/ WOAH-OIE по диагностике АЧС с помощью комбинации тестов: определение вирусного генома - методом ПЦР в национальных референс-лабораториях; обнаружение вирусных антигенов и антител - методом ИФА или флуоресцентным тестом; обнаружение возбудителя - выделением вируса. Дано объяснение наблюдаемого межвидового взаимодействия при водопое диких кабанов и домашних свиней на свободном выгуле, что объясняет эндемичность АЧС на острове Сардиния в Италии в течение более чем сорока лет.</p><p>Учитывая вирулентность вируса АЧС и множество путей передачи по территории стран всей Европе, диагностический и эпизоотологический мониторинги этого заболевания должны быть приоритетными направлениями в борьбе с АЧС.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>African swine fever (ASF) is the most dangerous viral disease of domestic pigs and wild boars, causing huge economic damage. It is characterized by acute, subacute, chronic course with high (up to 100%) mortality. The causative agent of ASF has been isolated into a separate family Asfarviridae, the genus Asfivirus. The disease is widespread in Africa, Europe, Asia. The purpose of the review article is to analyze the literature data on the occurrence and spread of epizootic foci of African swine fever in Western Europe. The materials of the article are based on the results of numerous epizootological and diagnostic studies by scientists from Spain, Portugal, Belgium, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Malta, Germany, Sweden.</p><p>Due to the complex seroimmune structure of the pathogen and the impossibility of forming viral neutralizing antibodies, there are difficulties in creating effective vaccines against ASF. The main tools for preventing the spread of the disease are due to the use of strict quarantine measures. Early diagnosis is an important component of ASF control and eradication.</p><p>Preventive and liquidation measures for ASF in Western European countries are considered. The recommendations of the OIE/WOAH-OIE on the diagnosis of ASF using a combination of tests are given: determination of the viral genome by PCR in national reference laboratories; detection of viral antigens and antibodies by ELISA or fluorescent test; detection of the pathogen by virus isolation. The explanation of the observed interspecific interaction during the watering of wild boars and free-range domestic pigs is given, which explains the endemicity of ASF on the island of Sardinia in Italy for more than forty years.</p><p>Given the virulence of the ASF virus and the many ways of transmission throughout Europe, diagnostic and epizootological monitoring of this disease should be a priority in the fight against ASF.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вирус африканской чумы свиней</kwd><kwd>пути передачи</kwd><kwd>распространение</kwd><kwd>страны Западной Европы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>African swine fever virus</kwd><kwd>transmission routes</kwd><kwd>distribution</kwd><kwd>Western European countries</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Влияние АЧС у диких кабанов на общий фон распространения болезни (основано на последних исследованиях в странах ЕС): методические рекомендации /Составители С.Р. 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