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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ilvm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нормативно-правовое регулирование в ветеринарии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Legal regulation in veterinary medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-6252</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SpbGUVM Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52419/issn2782-6252.2024.2.75</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ilvm-754</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ХИРУРГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SURGERY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Производные мезенхимальных стромальных клеток: способы получения и область применения в ветеринарной медицине (обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Derivatives of mesenchymal stromal cells: methods of preparation and scope of application in veterinary medicine (review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максимова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maksimova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максимова Мария Андреевна</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria An. Maksimova</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7011-4594</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корочкина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korochkina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Корочкина Елена Александровна, д-р. ветеринар. наук, доц. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena Al. Korochkina, Dr.Habil. of Veterinary Sciences, Docent</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет ветеринарной медицины</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>75</fpage><lpage>80</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Максимова М.А., Корочкина Е.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Максимова М.А., Корочкина Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Maksimova M.A., Korochkina E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ilvm.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/754">https://ilvm.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/754</self-uri><abstract><p>Мезенхимальные стромальные клетки (МСК) представляют собой незрелые клетки организма, которые обладают способностью к пролиферации в различные функционально активные клетки. МСК, введенные в организм, обладают иммуномодулирующими, противовоспалительными, стимулирующими, ангиогенетическими и регенераторными свойствами[1, 3, 4]. Кроме стромальных клеток, терапевтическими свойствами обладают их компоненты – кондиционированные среды (КС) и экзосомы [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit6">6</xref>]. КС представляют собой комбинацию биомолекул и факторов роста в ростовой среде клеточных культур, ее получают путем центрифугирования, фракционирования и/или фильтрации, при этом состав КС зависит от продолжительности культивирования, питательной среды и добавок, используемых при культивировании, а также номера пассажа и условий, при которых выращивались клетки [7-10]. Экзосомы – это внеклеточные везикулы, секретируемые клетками, диаметром от 20 до 1000 нм, способные инкапсулировать белки и РНК, проникать через плазматическую мембрану или связываться с белками на поверхности рецепторов, транспортируя в клетки-мишени различные вещества [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit12">12</xref>].Экзосомы получают при помощи методов ультрацентрифугирования, ультрафильтрации и осаждения [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit13">13</xref>]. Компоненты МСК применяют в различных областях ветеринарной медицины. Например, кондиционированная среда применяется при лечении ран и язв. Исследование авторов Bussche L., Harman R.M. etal. (2015) показывают, что КС, полученная из МСК лошади, стимулирует миграцию фибробластов в условиях invitro, а также повышает уровень экспрессии генов, которые оказывают положительное влияние на заживление ран [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit18">18</xref>], также бесклеточная терапия способствует уменьшению площади раневой поверхности на 98,47%[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit19">19</xref>]. Кондиционированные среды используют при лечении переломов и заболеваний опорнодвигательного аппарата. Так, трансплантация экзосом в место перелома стимулирует остеогенез и ангиогенез [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit22">22</xref>] и способствует более быстрому сращению кости [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit23">23</xref>]. Также некоторые авторы отмечают благоприятное воздействие при лечении экзосомамиостеоартритов[24, 25]. Кроме этого, исследователи отмечают положительный эффект при использовании компонентов МСК при лечении аллергического ринита, мастита и эндометрита, травмах спинного мозга, а также при криоконсервации сперматозоидов. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are immature cells of the body that have the ability to proliferate into various functionally active cells. MSCs injected into the body have immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, stimulating, angiogenetic and regenerative properties [1, 3, 4]. In addition to stromal cells, their components, conditioned media (CM) and exosomes, have therapeutic properties [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit6">6</xref>]. CM are a combination of biomolecules and growth factors in the growth medium of cell cultures, it is obtained by centrifugation, fractionation and/or filtration, while the composition of CM depends on the duration of cultivation, the nutrient medium and additives used in cultivation, as well as the passage number and the conditions under which the cells were grown [7-10]. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by cells with a diameter of 20 to 1000 nm, capable of encapsulating proteins and RNA, penetrating through the plasma membrane or binding to proteins on the surface of receptors, transporting various substances to target cells [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit12">12</xref>]. Exosomes are obtained using ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration and precipitation methods [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit13">13</xref>].MSC components are used in various fields of veterinary medicine. For example, an air-conditioned environment is used in the treatment of wounds and ulcers. A study by Bussche L., Harman R.M. et al. (2015) shows that CM obtained from horse MSCs stimulates fibroblast migration in vitro, as well as increases gene expression levels that have a positive effect on wound healing [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit18">18</xref>], and cell-free therapy helps to reduce the area of the wound surface by 98.47% [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit19">19</xref>]. Conditioned environments are used in the treatment of fractures and diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Thus, exosome transplantation to the fracture site stimulates osteogenesis and angiogenesis [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit22">22</xref>] and promotes faster bone fusion [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit23">23</xref>]. Also, some authors note a beneficial effect in the treatment of osteoarthritis with exosomes [24, 25]. In addition, the researchers note a positive effect when using MSCs components in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, mastitis and endometritis, spinal cord injuries, as well as cryopreservation of spermatozoa.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кондиционированная среда</kwd><kwd>экзосомы мезенхимальных стромальных клеток</kwd><kwd>ветеринарная медицина</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>conditioned medium</kwd><kwd>exosomes of mesenchymal stromal cells</kwd><kwd>veterinary medicine</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tian Z. Introduction to stem cells / Z. Tian, T. Yu, J. Liu et al. // Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science – 2023. – Vol. 199. – P. 3-32</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tian Z. Introduction to stem cells / Z. Tian, T. Yu, J. 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