ilvmНормативно-правовое регулирование в ветеринарииLegal regulation in veterinary medicine2782-6252SpbGUVM Publishing House10.52419/issn2782-6252.2024.3.51ilvm-782Research ArticleАКУШЕРСТВО, ГИНЕКОЛОГИЯOBSTETRICS, GYNECOLOGYРоль тестостерона в репродуктивной системе животных (обзор)The role of Testosterone in male reproductive system (review)МаксимоваМ. А.MaksimovaM. A.

Максимова Мария Андреевна

Maria An. Maksimova

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7011-4594КорочкинаЕ. А.KorochkinaE. A.

Корочкина Елена Александровна, д-р.ветеринар.наук, доц.

Elena Al. Korochkina, Dr.Habil. of Veterinary Sciences, Docent

Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет ветеринарной медициныРоссияSaint Petersburg State University of Veterinary MedicineRussian Federation202413102024035156Copyright © Максимова М.А., Корочкина Е.А., 20242024Максимова М.А., Корочкина Е.А.Maksimova M.A., Korochkina E.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://ilvm.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/782

Тестостерон – это гормон, который, главным образом, образуется в клетках Лейдига, прилегающих к семенных канальцам семенника, а также в яичниках и коре надпочечников [1, 5, 6]. Выработка тестостерона регулируется гипоталамо-гипофизарной системой под руководством гонадотропин-рилизинг гормона (ГнРГ) и лютеинизирующего гормона (ЛГ), между которыми существует отрицательная обратная связь [5-6]. Кроме ГнРГ и ЛГ, тестостерон взаимосвязан и с мелатонином [14], окситоцином [15], а также тиреоидными гормонами [16]. Тестостерон оказывает значительное влияние на организм животных: способствует росту и созреванию костной ткани [17], предотвращает окислительное повреждение мозга [19-20], влияет на обмен веществ [21], а также на поведение животных [23]. Результаты многочисленных исследований свидетельствуют о важной роли данного гормона в сперматогенезе. Тестостерон, связываясь с рецептором андрогена, регулирует пролиферацию и созревание клеток Сертоли, поддерживает целостность гематоэнцефалического барьера, регулирует мейотические и постмейотические процессы половых клеток [27-30]. Противоречивым вопросом является влияние гормона на криорезистентность спермы: некоторые авторы выделяют отрицательное влияние тестостерона [32-33], а другие, напротив, указывают на его благоприятное воздействие [34]. У самок тестостерон, совместно с другими андрогенами изменяет активность их рецепторов, а также взаимодействует с факторами роста [36]. Исследования показывают, что тестостерон, совместно с ЛГ, способен стимулировать выработку прогестерона [37]. Известно, что многие факторы оказывают влияние на динамику тестостерона в крови. Например, с течением возраста у быков происходит снижение андрогенов в крови [41], однако у взрослых баранов содержание тестостерона выше в 1,8 раз, чем у более молодых особей [43]. Другим фактором является кормление животных: исследования показывают, что диета с более высоким содержанием белка способствует положительному влиянию на животных, а также повышает уровень тестостерона [44-45]. Кроме этого, тепловой стресс подавляет экспрессию ферментов, участвующих в синтезе тестостерона [47].

Testosterone is a hormone that is predominantly formed in Leydig cells adjacent to the seminal tubules of the testis, in the ovaries and adrenal cortex [1, 5, 6]. Testosterone production is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary system under the guidance of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), between which there is negative feedback [5-6]. In addition to GnRH and LH, testosterone is also interconnected with other hormones: melatonin [14], oxytocin [15], thyroid hormones [16]. Testosterone has a great effect on the body of animals. Thus, it promotes the growth and maturation of bone tissue [17], prevents oxidative damage to the brain [19-20], affects metabolism [21], as well as animal behavior [23]. In addition, studies have noted the important role of the hormone in spermatogenesis. Testosterone, binding to the androgen receptor, regulates the proliferation and maturation of Sertoli cells, maintains the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, regulates the meiotic and post-meiotic processes of germ cells [27-30]. The effect of the hormone on sperm cryoresistance is noted, however, some authors emphasize the negative effect of testosterone on cryoresistance [32- 33], while others point to a beneficial effect [34]. In females, testosterone, together with other androgens, binds to androgen receptors, changes the activity of other receptors, and also interacts with growth factors [36]. Studies show that the hormone, together with LH, is able to stimulate the production of progesterone [37]. It is known that many factors influence the dynamics of testosterone in the blood. For example, with the passage of age, androgens in the blood decrease in bulls [41], however, in adult rams, the testosterone content is 1.8 times higher than in younger individuals [43]. Another factor worth noting is animal feeding: studies show that a diet with a higher protein content contributes to a positive effect on animals, as well as increases hormone levels [44-45]. In addition, heat stress suppresses the expression of enzymes involved in testosterone synthesis [47].

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.