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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ilvm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нормативно-правовое регулирование в ветеринарии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Legal regulation in veterinary medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-6252</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SpbGUVM Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52419/issn2782-6252.2024.4.57</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ilvm-817</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКУШЕРСТВО, ГИНЕКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OBSTETRICS, GYNECOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительный анализ эффективности протоколов криоконсервации спермы козлов-производителей (обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative analysis of the cryopreservation protocols efficiency of goat sperm (review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Главацкая</surname><given-names>Д. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Glavatskaya</surname><given-names>D. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Главацкая Дарья Евгеньевна, аспирант</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daria Ev. Glavatskaya, PhD student</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корочкина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korochkina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Корочкина Елена Александровна, д-р ветеринар. наук, доц.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena Al. Korochkina, Dr.Habil. of Veterinary Sciences, Docent</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет ветеринарной медицины</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>57</fpage><lpage>62</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Главацкая Д.Е., Корочкина Е.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Главацкая Д.Е., Корочкина Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Glavatskaya D.E., Korochkina E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ilvm.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/817">https://ilvm.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/817</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью данной работы является проведение анализа научно-практических данных о протоколах криоконсервации спермы козлов-производителей и эффективности их использования. Многочисленными исследованиями установлено, что характерной репродуктивной особенностью коз является сезонность, при этом наибольшая половая активность наблюдается в осенне-зимний период [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit1">1</xref>]. Сперма козлов имеет следующие видовые особенности: мембраны сперматозоидов содержат высокий уровень ненасыщенных жирных кислот, в цитоплазме клеток, напротив, отмечается незначительный объем антиоксидантных соединений. В связи с этим сперматозоиды особо чувствительны к перекисному окислению липидов, индуцируемое свободными радикалами (гидроксильные радикалы, перекись водорода), которые вызывают структурные повреждения мембраны сперматозоидов в процессе замораживания-оттаивания или хранения в охлажденном до 2–4 °С состоянии [25, 26]. Учитывая данные факты, эффективным протоколом криоконсервации, согласно результатам многочисленных исследований, является дополнительная фильтрация спермы для эффективного удаления секрета придаточных половых желез, использование разбавителя без включения яичного желтка, охлаждение при температуре 4-5 °C в течение 1,5–4 часов, упаковка в соломины объемом 0,25 - 0,5 мл. При использовании соломин объемом 0,5 мл заморозку осуществлять в два этапа: в парах жидкого азота на высоте 4 см в течение 5 минут, далее - дальнейшее погружение в жидкий азот. При использовании соломин объемом 0,25 мл, заморозка производится в три этапа: стаканы с перфорацией поместить на 16 см над уровнем жидкого азота на 2 минуты, далее на 4 см на 3 минуты, после чего полностью погрузить в жидкий азот для длительного хранения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of this work is to analyze scientific and practical data on protocols for cryopreservation of sperm of breeding goats and the effectiveness of their use. Numerous studies have established that seasonality is a characteristic reproductive function, with the greatest sexual activity observed in the autumn-winter period [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit1">1</xref>]. Goat sperm has the following species-specific features: sperm membranes contain a high level of unsaturated fatty acids, while the cytoplasm of cells, on the contrary, contains an insignificant amount of antioxidant compounds. In connection with these spermatozoa, especially strong lipid peroxidation induced by free radicals (hydroxyl radicals, UK peroxide), which cause structural damage to sperm membranes during freezing-thawing or storage in a cold state at 2-4 ° C [25, 26]. Taking these facts into account, an effective cryopreservation protocol, according to the results of numerous studies, is additional filtration of sperm for effective removal of accessory sex gland secretion, use of a diluent without egg yolk, cooling at 4-5 °C for 1.5-4 hours, packing in 0.25 - 0.5 ml straws. When using 0.5 ml straws, freezing is carried out in two stages: in liquid nitrogen vapor at a height of 4 cm for 5 minutes, then further immersion in liquid nitrogen. When using 0.25 ml straws, freezing is carried out in three stages: perforated glasses are placed 16 cm above the liquid nitrogen level for 2 minutes, then 4 cm for 3 minutes, after which they are completely immersed in liquid nitrogen for long-term storage.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сперма</kwd><kwd>козлы-производители</kwd><kwd>протоколы криоконсервации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sperm</kwd><kwd>breeding goats</kwd><kwd>cryopreservation protocols</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аксенова П. В. Особенности проявления воспроизводительной функции козлов в разные сезоны года // Сельскохозяйственный журнал. 2009. №1-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aksenova P. V. Features of the manifestation of the reproductive function of goats in different seasons of the year // Agricultural journal. 2009. 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