<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ilvm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нормативно-правовое регулирование в ветеринарии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Legal regulation in veterinary medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-6252</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SpbGUVM Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52419/issn2782-6252.2025.4.111</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ilvm-969</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ХИРУРГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SURGERY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Биологическая характеристика микрофлоры копыт с гниением стрелки у лошадей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Biological characteristics of the microflora of hooves with frog rot in horses</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7302-4993</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кириллов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirillov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Александрович Кириллов - канд. ветеринар. наук, соискатель </p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander A. Kirillov - Candidate of veterinary sciences, co-researcher </p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5435-8321</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макавчик</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makavchik</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана Анатольевна Макавчик - д-р ветеринар. наук, доцент </p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana An. Makavchik - Dr. of Veterinary Sciences, Associate Professor </p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">groza81@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитина</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitina</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анастасия Сергеевна Никитина - студентка факультета ветеринарной медицины </p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia S. Nikitina - Student of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine </p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9519-2839</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стекольников</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stekolnikov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анатолий Александрович Стекольников - д-р ветеринар. наук, профессор, академик РАН </p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anatoly A. Stekolnikov - Dr. of veterinary sciences, professor, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences </p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет ветеринарной медицины</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>111</fpage><lpage>115</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кириллов А.А., Макавчик С.А., Никитина А.С., Стекольников А.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кириллов А.А., Макавчик С.А., Никитина А.С., Стекольников А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kirillov A.A., Makavchik S.A., Nikitina A.S., Stekolnikov A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ilvm.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/969">https://ilvm.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/969</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе представлены результаты комплексного микробиологического исследования микрофлоры копыт лошадей с диагнозом гниение стрелки. Объектом исследования служили лошади теплокровных пород в возрасте 14-15 лет с диагнозом гниение стрелки копыта. У каждого животного производили по 3 отбора проб для микробиологического исследования : 1 - с поверхности стрелки в области центральной борозды имеющей признаки гниения; 2 - из глубины центральной борозды стрелки имеющей признаки гниения; 3 - с поверхности мест имеющих повреждения целостности стрелки в виде кровотечения и эрозий. В результате было установлено, что наиболее часто в исследуемых пробах выделяли Staphylococcus spp. Высокая концентрация данного микроорганизма свидетельствует о важной роли его в поддержании воспалительного процесса. Из проб полученных с глубоких раневых участков с признаками фекального загрязнения было выделена Escherichia coli. В ходе исследования выделена и идентифицирована одна из редко встречаемых бактерий Commamonas jiangduensis ранее почти не встречающегося в ветеринарной микробиологии. Выделение данного микроорганизма из глубоких тканей, его положительная каталазная реакция и уреазная активность, а также частичная устойчивость к аминогликозидам указывают на его потенциальное участие в формировании воспаления. MALDI-TOF позволил надёжно подтвердить идентификацию данного микроогрганизма. В исследуемых пробах отмечено присутствие Mucor spp. и дрожжевых грибов свидетельствующих о наличии повышенной влажности подстилки и отсутствия регулярной антисептической обработки копыт. Выявление спирохет подтверждают клиническую картину глубокого поражения стрелки с некротическим компонентом. Результаты проведенного исследования подтверждают то, что инфекционные процессы в области стрелки копыт у лошадей имеют полимикробную природу и формируются при участии как бактериальной, так и грибковой микрофлоры.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper presents the results of a comprehensive microbiological study of the microflora of horses with a diagnosis of frog thrush. The object of the study was warm-blooded horses aged 14-15 years with a diagnosis of frog hoof thrush. 3 samples were taken from each animal for microbiological examination: 1 - from the surface of the frog in the area of the central furrow with signs of thrush; 2 - from the depth of the central furrow of the frog with signs of thrush; 3 - from the surface of places with damage to the integrity of the frog in the form of bleeding and erosion. As a result of the research, it was found that Staphylococcus spp was most often isolated in the studied samples. The high concentration of this microorganism indicates its important role in maintaining the inflammatory process. Escherichia coli was isolated from samples obtained from deep wound sites with signs of faecal contamination. In the course of the study, one of the rarely found bacteria Commamonas jiangduensis, which had previously been almost unknown in veterinary microbiology, was isolated and identified. The isolation of this microorganism from deep tissues, its positive catalase reaction and urease activity, as well as partial resistance to aminoglycosides indicate its potential involvement in the formation of inflammation. MALDI-TOF made it possible to reliably confirm the identification of this microorganism. The presence of Mucor spp. and yeast fungi was noted in the studied samples, indicating the presence of increased litter moisture and the absence of regular antiseptic hoof treatment. The detection of spirochaetes confirms the clinical picture of a deep lesion of a frog with a necrotic component. The results of the study confirm that infectious processes in the area of the hoof frog in horses are polymicrobial in nature and are formed with the participation of both bacterial and fungal microflora.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лошади</kwd><kwd>копыто</kwd><kwd>гниение стрелки</kwd><kwd>микрофлора</kwd><kwd>MALDI-TOF</kwd><kwd>антибиотикорезистентность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>horses</kwd><kwd>hoof</kwd><kwd>arrow rot</kwd><kwd>microflora</kwd><kwd>MALDI-TOF</kwd><kwd>antibiotic resistance</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ковач М. Ортопедические заболевания лошадей. Современные методы диагностики и лечения. М.: Королев. издател. дом. 2013. 624с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kovacs M. Orthopedic Diseases of Horses: Modern Methods of Diagnostics and Treatment. Moscow: Korolev Publishing House. 2013. 624 p. (in Russ)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кириллов А.А., Стекольников А.А. Клиническое проявление гниения стрелки у лошадей. Ученые записки Казанской государственной академии ветеринарной медицины им. Н.Э. Баумана. 2024;259 (III):89-93. doi 10.31588/2413_4201_1883_3_259_89</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kirillov A.A., Stekolnikov A.A. Clinical Manifestations of Frog Decay in Horses. Scientific Notes of the Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N.E. Bauman. 2024; 259(III): 89–93. (in Russ) doi 10.31588/2413_4201_1883_3_259_89</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кириллов А.А., Стекольников А.А. Распространение гниения стрелки копыта у лошадей. Труды Кубанского государственного аграрного университета. 2024;2:205-210. doi 10.21515/1999-1703-111-205-210</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kirillov A.A., Stekolnikov A.A. Prevalence of Frog Decay in Horses. Proceedings of the Kuban State Agrarian University. 2024; 2: 205–210. (in Russ) doi 10.21515/1999-1703-111-205-210</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agne B. Diagnosis and Treatment of Foot Infections. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 2010;30:510-512. doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2010.07.019</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agne B. Diagnosis and Treatment of Foot Infections. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 2010;30:510-512. doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2010.07.019</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Holzhauer M., Bremer R., Santman-Berends I. Cross-sectional study of the prevalence of and risk factors for hoof disorders in horses in The Netherlands. Prev Vet Med. 2017;140:53-59. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.02.013</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Holzhauer M., Bremer R., Santman-Berends I. Cross-sectional study of the prevalence of and risk factors for hoof disorders in horses in The Netherlands. Prev Vet Med. 2017;140:53-59. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.02.013</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kabir A., Lamichhane B., Habib T., Adams A., El-Sheikh Ali H., Slovis N.M., Troedsson M.H.T., Helmy Y.A. Antimicrobial Resistance in Equines: A Growing Threat to Horse Health and Beyond-A Comprehensive Review. Antibiotics (Basel). 2024;13(8): 713. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13080713</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kabir A., Lamichhane B., Habib T., Adams A., El-Sheikh Ali H., Slovis N.M., Troedsson M.H.T., Helmy Y.A. Antimicrobial Resistance in Equines: A Growing Threat to Horse Health and Beyond-A Comprehensive Review. Antibiotics (Basel). 2024;13(8): 713. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13080713</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O’Grady S.E. Equine Thrush: A Closer Look. American Farriers Journal. 2018;44(8): 1-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O’Grady S.E. Equine Thrush: A Closer Look. American Farriers Journal. 2018;44(8): 1-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Onishi J.C., Park J.-W., Häggblom M.M., Fennell M.J., Fugaro M.N. Chronic laminitis is associated with potential bacterial pathogens in the laminae. Veterinary Microbiology., 2012;158:329-336. doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.02.024</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Onishi J.C., Park J.-W., Häggblom M.M., Fennell M.J., Fugaro M.N. Chronic laminitis is associated with potential bacterial pathogens in the laminae. Veterinary Microbiology., 2012;158:329-336. doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.02.024</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sang-Kyung S., Su-Min K., Lioyd S. Prevalence of Hoof Disorders in Horses in South Korea. The Open Agriculture Journal. 2020;14: 25-29. doi: 10.2174/1874331502014010025</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sang-Kyung S., Su-Min K., Lioyd S. Prevalence of Hoof Disorders in Horses in South Korea. The Open Agriculture Journal. 2020;14: 25-29. doi: 10.2174/1874331502014010025</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Knot P.D., Fisher M.A. Mass Spectrometry in Clinical Microbiology Laboratory. Clinical Microbiology Newsletter. 2012;34(17): 135-140.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Knot P.D., Fisher M.A. Mass Spectrometry in Clinical Microbiology Laboratory. Clinical Microbiology Newsletter. 2012;34(17): 135-140.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morin-Sardin, S., Rigalma K., Coroller L., Jany J.-L., Coton E. Effect of temperature, pH, and water activity on Mucor spp. growth on synthetic medium, cheese analog and cheese. Food Microbiology. 2016;56: 69-79. doi 10.1016/j.fm.2015.11.019</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morin-Sardin, S., Rigalma K., Coroller L., Jany J.-L., Coton E. Effect of temperature, pH, and water activity on Mucor spp. growth on synthetic medium, cheese analog and cheese. Food Microbiology. 2016;56: 69-79. doi 10.1016/j.fm.2015.11.019</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
