Unstudied Yersinia toxins

The genus Y ersinia includes three known pathogens, as well as Y ersinia enterocolitica-like microbes that are controversial in terms of their pathogenicity. The aim of the study was to examine the toxicity of Yersinia, focusing on Y . enterocolitica-like microorganisms, based on literature data and own research. In the veterinary aspect, the problem of the etiology, epidemiology, and etiological laboratory diagnostics of yersiniosis in Russia has not been sufficiently studied, as these infections were only included in the list of Veterinary Regulations (VP 13.3.4.1.100.-96) at the end of the 20th century. No laboratory tests for yersiniosis had been conducted before. The role of these microbes in animal pathology is ambiguous. However, there are more and more reports of these germs being isolated from warm-blooded and cold-blooded animals, as well as birds. 1,364 strains of Y ersinia have been isolated. 1364 strains of Y ersinia were isolated. The isolated Yersinia were divided into the following species: Y . pseudotuberculosis – 323; Y. enterocolitica – 784; Y. intermedia – 21; Y. kristensenii – 181; Y. frederiksenii – 56. The last three Y ersinia species were mostly isolated from environmental samples. The pathogenicity of Y ersinia has been studied. It has been shown that the so-called Y . enterocolitica-like microbes have pathogenicity factors and can potentially cause diseases in both warm-blooded and cold-blooded animals. The isolation of such strains from animals may indicate that these types of Y ersinia, previously considered to be non-pathogenic microorganisms, can cause a wide range of diseases. Multiplex PCR is the most promising molecular genetic method for detecting markers of genetic material from Y . enterocolitica-like microbes. The detection of genetic material from non-pathogenic Y . kristensenii, Y . frederiksenii, Y. intermedia, Y. bercovieri, Y. mollaretii, and Y. rohdei in biological samples may indicate that the symptoms of the infectious disease may be caused by previously considered non-pathogenic Y ersinia species. Additional research and analyses are required to gain a deeper understanding of the pathogenic properties of Y . enterocolitica -like microbes. Phenotypic identification of these Y ersiniae is difficult, so molecular genetic and spectral analysis methods must be used. Thus, Y . enterocolitica-like microbes are of great interest to the veterinary service, as their role in causing infections requires further study and attention.

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