Enterobacteria producing beta-lactamase and their distribution in poultry and poultry products

This review article is devoted to the problems of the origin and spreading of antibiotic-resistant enterobacteria producing beta-lactamases in poultry farming.
The reason of the spreading of multidrug-resistant bacteria and diseases caused by them among farm animals and poultry is the irrational use of antibacterial agents, determination of enzymatic inactivation of antibiotics by laboratory methods, and the spread of resistance genes.
Most gram-negative bacteria such as Klebsiella spp., Escherichia coli, Proteus spp. and others, have tolerance to various antibiotics and disinfectants due to the production of beta-lactamase enzymes. Initially, some strains produced a wide range of beta-lactamases, and these isolates were susceptible to the 1st and 2nd generations of cephalosparins. Over time, the bacteria mutated, producing extended beta-lactamases. Such microorganisms are already resistant to the 3rd generation of cephalosparins. Antimicrobial resistance leads to limited therapeutic options, which increases the difficulty of treating diseased animals.
This problem is especially actual all over the world, many scientists conduct research to detect and study this phenomenon. The spread of antimicrobial resistance is one of the most acute problems of our time, carrying biological and economic threats to all countries. Many scientists are conducting research to detect and study the polyresistance of Enterobacteriaceae, such as E. coli and K. pneumoniae.
The modern infectious pathology of poultry is characterized by an increase in the frequency of occurrence and spreading of E. coli and K. pneumoniae, producing beta-lactamases, which contributes to ineffective antibiotic therapy.
The presence of multidrug-resistant opportunistic microorganisms isolated from poultry food can affect the health of consumers. The protection of the population from antibiotic resistance microorganisms should be based primarily on the protection of people from infection by any multidrug-resistant foodborne pathogens, therefore, it is necessary to improve diagnostic methods, therapeutic and prophylactic measures and the search for new highly effective drugs.

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