World experience in using mesenchymal stromal cells in reparative medicine (review)

Abstract

The world experience of using the secret of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in respiratory diseases of animals, including in the dynamics of experimental lung damage, is analyzed. Of scientific and practical interest is the use of drugs based on the secret of MSC in veterinary medicine. In particular, the horse is a unique translational model for studying the effectiveness of MSCs in three important areas: asthma, skin hypersensitivity and osteoarthritis. The work is based on a systematic review of methods and results of the use of the secret of mesenchymal stromal cells in cardio-respiratory pathology of animals and humans. Some clinical observations and promising scientific and practical directions for the study of MSC preparations in equestrian medicine are presented. Bronchial hypersensitivity, hyperproduction of bronchial mucus (genetically or spontaneously) and impaired mucociliary clearance are recognized as key links in the pathogenesis of asthma in both humans and horses. The trigger mechanism is usually viral damage with irreversible loss of respiratory epithelium and the formation of hypersensitivity to any of the five known types. Regardless of the leading environmental factors, bronchial mucus is contaminated with saprophytic bacteria. This is just one of the reasons for the activity of proinflammatory factors to remain at a fairly high level. These processes and conditions attract neutrophils and other immunocompetent cells in lung tissue, which ensures the incompleteness of the inflammation process. It is shown that the leading clinical marker of equine asthma worldwide is primarily recognized as exercise intolerance. Cough, respiratory noises, mixed dyspnea, abdominal type of breathing are clinical manifestations of typical pathophysiological processes that provide obstruction of broncho-alveolar structures.