Muscles of the hip joint and topographically associated veins in Yorkshire pigs

The muscular system of pigs plays a key role not only in providing movement and maintaining body tone, but also closely interacts with the venous system, ensuring effective blood flow to the heart. Pigs have developed collateral venous networks around joints and muscles that provide backup blood flow when major vessels are squeezed during lying down or intense movements. Knowledge of the features of the venous vessels of the hip joint and the ways of blood outflow from various muscle areas is used in surgical practice, as well as in clinical pharmacology when choosing sites for intramuscular injections of drugs. The aim of the study was to study the anatomical features of the hip joint muscles and determine the topographic location of the veins associated with them in Yorkshire pigs. The study was conducted at the Department of Animal Anatomy of the St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine. The study used newborn piglets for 28-30 days of the postnatal period of ontogenesis. The study was conducted on 10 pelvic limbs obtained from five Yorkshire pigs. Traditional morphological research methods were used, namely: fine anatomical dissection, photographing, and vasorentgenography. Thus, the study established the anatomical features of the hip joint muscles and determined the location of the veins associated with them in Yorkshire pigs. The morphology of the venous collectors of the muscles of the hip joint is directly dependent on the structure of each individual muscle, its functional load and the general dynamics of the tissues of this area of the limb. These features reflect the evolutionary adaptation of the venous system to the biomechanics of muscles, providing a balance between flexibility and stability of blood flow. The study of this system acquires practical significance not only for veterinary medicine and animal husbandry, for example, in the treatment of pathologies of the musculoskeletal system in pigs, but also for biomedical research.

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