Morphofunctional features of the elbow joint muscles of the black Pushkin sable

The muscular system plays one of the main roles in the vital activity of fur-bearing animals. It determines their ability not only to survive in their natural habitats, but also to adapt to the conditions of cellular maintenance, which reflect limitations in motor activity. Of particular importance in the formation of the musculoskeletal system of the thoracic limb are the muscles of the elbow joint, which are responsible for flexion and extension of the thoracic limbs, providing stability during movement, maneuverability and thrust during motor mobility. These muscles are not only involved in complex motor acts, but also support the structural integrity of the joints, distributing the load, which can further prevent injury. However, in animal farms, the natural needs of sables are suppressed due to the limited space of cells, which lack sufficient space for activity or the use of simulated natural objects. This leads to physical inactivity, provoking skeletal muscle atrophy, especially in the extremities. Males of the black Pushkin sable breed aged 36-40 months of postnatal ontogenesis, weighing 1250-1300 g in the amount of 10 individuals, were selected as the object of the study. Classical research methods were used, such as fine anatomical dissection, morphometry, and photographing. Based on the studies of the topography of the muscles of the elbow joint of the black Pushkin sable, it was concluded that the elbow joint is biaxial in function with developed muscles. Its mass exceeds a similar indicator in the shoulder area by 1.27 times, this determines the functions of the elbow joint with a predominance of flexion and extension, while the extensor muscles of the joint (triceps, ulnar, fascia tensor of the forearm) prevail over the flexor muscles. Therefore, the main function of the joint during locomotion is extension. Moreover, the supinators and pronators of the muscles of the same name are extinguished, and the thoracic limb of these animals acquires a confident forward movement.

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