Cheeses are one of the most nutritious dairy products, with gustatory characteristics that allow them to be used on their own, as well as for preparing a large number of dishes. Natural cheeses with such properties are in demand and, accordingly, have a high market value, which somewhat limits their consumption. To reduce the cost of this type of products in the dairy industry, the large number of recipes and technologies are proposed, that imply the introduction of fatty components vegetable by origin into milk processing products, which have been widely used while the cheeses production. However, not all the manufacturers have indicated this in the labeling, which is a violation of consumer rights and Russian legislation. In addition, it is established that dairy products made with the addition of a milk fat substitute are inferior to the traditional product by organoleptic characteristics, including taste. In 2017, the Technical Regulation " Safety of Milk and Dairy Products" was amended, in particular concerning the cheese, and came into force in July 2018. The amendments touched on the very definition of cheeses, and in this document a new group of products appeared - "cheese , a milk product with a milk fat substitute produced using cheese technology ", requirements for the quality indicators of these products, the requirements for the content of cheese labeling and the rules for its application. Changes in the manufacture and turnover of «new cheeses» with a substitute for milk fat legislation suggests their mass production and consumption, but now legally, and the approved requirements for labeling milk processing products exclude the consumer misleading.

In the article the author considers the innovations of the legislation in the field of quality management system, environmental management and lean production system. The article discusses the interaction and integration of systems in the framework of enterprise management. It is recommended to create an integrated enterprise management system. Creation of such system at the enterprises of the agro-industrial complex is especially necessary. Author analyzes such documents as GOST R ISO 14052-2017 Environmental management. Cost accounting for material flows, GOST R 57625-2017/ISO/TS 14071:2014 Environmental management. Cycle assessment, GOST R 57651-2017/ISO/TS 14033:2012 Environmental management. Quantitative data on the environment. Guidance and practical examples, GOST R ISO 14046-2017 Environmental management. Water footprint. Principles, requirements and guidelines, GOST R ISO 14004-2017 environmental management Systems. General implementation guidelines. GOST R 57522-2017 Lean manufacturing. Guidelines for an integrated quality and lean management system, GOST R 57523-2017 Lean manufacturing. Guidance on personnel training system, GOST R 57524-2017 Lean manufacturing. The flow of value creation. The introduction of integrated management system reduces losses and increases efficiency, eliminates duplication of work, less documentation, improving the image of the company, increasing investor confidence. The proposed recommendation and a model for the integration of management systems. The use of integrated management systems will help companies to be competitive.

Prolonged use of antibiotics of one class leads to the formation of stable populations of infectious agents, the etiology of which is often due to resistant forms and types of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms. Factors contributing to the emergence of antibacterial resistance are the cyclic use of antibiotics of one class, the use of nonspecific, low-performance antibiotics, the choice of the drug without taking into account the localization of the inflammatory process and species of the causative agent, failure to comply with the dosage and duration of the course of treatment, etc. To demonstrate the bactericidal effect of the antimicrobial drug against resistant strains of microorganisms, the concentration of the active substance is higher than therapeutics The main reason for the formation of bacterial resistance to many antimicrobial drugs used is the preparation of R-plasmids conjugated from other bacteria carrying antibiotic resistance genes that are capable of transferring from one bacterium to another, forming resistance in the whole population. A promising direction in solving the problem of reducing the formation of resistance in bacteria is the creation of complex preparations containing components with different mechanisms and spectrum of antimicrobial action. Laboratory studies were conducted on various clones of the E. coli strain 866, resistant to previously developed complex antimicrobial agents and active ingredients that make up them. After every ten passages, the method of serial dilutions was used to study the antimicrobial activity of the preparations with respect to these microorganisms. Isolation of plasmid DNA from bacterial cells was performed by alkaline lysis and subsequent binding on selective membranes of microspin columns using a plasmid DNA extraction kit. Isolation of total cellular RNA was carried out by phenolchloroform extraction using guanidinisocyanate as a chaotropic agent followed by purification of the lysate on microspin columns. Amplification of fragments of the studied genes was carried out according to the three-step polymerase chain reaction scheme. The number of amplification cycles was 55. The conducted studies showed that the developed complex preparation based on apramycin and cefotaxime has a pronounced antimicrobial activity against potential causative agents of gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases of animals. It was found that the formation of resistance of E. coli 866 strain to cefotaxime and apramycin, as well as to the complex preparation on their basis, is accompanied by significant changes in the functioning of the genetic apparatus of the bacterial cell.

Ureaplasma diversum is an opportunistic pathogen of cattle, it is capable to colonize reproductive and respiratory systems. The most of ureaplasma carriage cases both in the reproductive and the respiratory tract are asymptomatic. Respiratory tract carriage is more specific for calves, while the ureaplasma carriage in the distal parts of the reproductive tract is more frequent in adult cattle. The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of U. diversum among heifers and cows of different ages within the single cattle-breeding farm. To assess U. diversum carriage frequency among cows and heifers smears from the surface of the mucous membranes of the vestibule of vagina were collected. Detection of U. diversum in the obtained clinical material was carried out by real-time PCR. As the result, the study found that the prevalence of carriage is significantly higher among the heifers (75%) than in adult cows (56.25%). At the same time, among adult cows the carrier frequency decreases significantly with increasing the number of calves. The results indicate a high significance of the contact pathway for the transmission of U. diversum, since the high frequency of the ureaplasma carriage in heifers that had not previously undergone insemination. In addition, they are consistent with data on the possibility of developing protective mechanisms against colonization with ureaplasmas. It is possible that the transferred diseases lead to the formation of weak immunity to repeated infection of U. diversum, therefore the frequency of carriage among young cows is higher than in older age groups. In addition, according to the obtained date, it is necessary to take into account the age structure of the group for assessment the prevalence U. diversum carriage in the female cattle, since this factor may have a pronounced effect on the result of the epizootic examination.

Industrial poultry tends to significantly change in recent years through the use of highly productive poultry crosses. Thus it is necessary to carry out all technological and veterinarian conditions for the maintenance and feeding of a bird. If the above conditions are not met, there are prerequisites for the activation of opportunistic microflora. Thus, the study of the spectrum of microorganisms isolated from poultry farms of different technological directions is an objective necessity. Escherichia coli occupies a dominant position among all types of isolated microorganisms. This fact makes it difficult to conduct timely diagnostic, health and therapeutic measures. The most effective way to combat diseases of infectious nature is a specific prevention - vaccination. Studies were carried out in conjunction with the Saratov scientific and research veterinary institute and created a preventive drug based on the isolated protein fractions from the thermolabile and thermostable strains of Escherichia - a live vaccine against colibacteriosis of birds. there are both inactivated and live vaccines, such as vaccine preparation from a strain strain of E. coli. “B-5” at the moment ". The use of the above-mentioned vaccine contributes to the effective implementation of the prevention of colibacteriosis of chickens, including early age (up to 10 days), which will ensure the well-being of the bird-head against colibacteriosis, and significantly reduce the economic losses from this disease.

Cultural and molecular biology methods may be useful for detection Ureaplasma diversum in the clinic matherial. Thus the methods of molecular biology are more sensitive and specific in comparison with cultural methods of ureaplasma identification. The purpose of this study was to compare the two methods for U. diversum identification, including the detection of U. diversum DNA by the diagnostic system “Ureaplasma diversum Amp”, based on real-time PCR and isolation of U. diversum on “UREAPLASMA-sreda” medium. “UREAPLASMA-sreda” was adopted for U. urealyticum amd designed to detect ureaplasma in clinical material from human. Comparing the results of real-time PCR with the results of grow on “UREAPLASMA-sreda” medium, it was found that real-time PCR is more sensitive than the culture method. In the case of a study of a clinical material, such as smears from the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity and the reproductive tract, real-time PCR reveals U. diversum, while inoculation “UREAPLASMA-sreda” medium by clinic sample doesn’t allow to achieve interpretable result due to a side of microflora growth. It was found that real-time PCR with “Ureaplasma diversum Amp” test system is more sensitive than inoculation in “UREAPLASMA-sreda” medium for the pathological material, and, unlike the nutrient medium “UREAPLASMA-sreda”, it is useful for a study of clinical material of various types from cattle.

Nowadays using probiotics based on living cultures of lactobacilli which are made by the thermostatic method is one of the perspective directions in industrial poultry farming. Functional feed Multibactoring was created by scientists of research Institute of highly pure biopreparations and scientists of Saint Petersburg state Academy of veterinary medicine. This functional food consists of lactobacilli-Lactobacillus Acidophilus in an amount of not less than 10⁹ CFU in 1 ml, prebiotic, b vitamins, organic acids. Lactobacillus Acidophilus, which are part of the functional feed of Multibacterins, have signs of synergy and syntrophy, high antagonistic activity in relation to such microorganisms as E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus, streptococci groups A, B, C, G. The goal of research work was studying changes in biochemical parameters of blood of chickens during the administration of Multibacterin functional food in experimental infection with cultures of Salmonella and Escherichia coli. These studies were conducted in All-Russian research veterinary Institute of poultry in vivarium conditions and the Microbiology Department. The daily "ROSS 308" broiler chickens were used for research in the amount of 150 pieces (n = 150). 10 heated boxes were used for keeping chickens in two sections of the Microbiology Department in the infectious vivarium. The birds were put into cells. Feeding of all chickens was carried out by the compound feeds made at the Gatchina compound feed plant according to requirements of a cross. Access to water is free. As a result of the research it was found that the use of functional feed Multibacterin chickens with experimental infection with salmonellosis and colibacteriosis reduces developing in the infectious process of strengthening the processes of lipid peroxidation and compensatory increase in the use of reserve trace elements and vitamins to ensure the activation of the antioxidant system of the body.

The article presents the results of the study of the effect of different bactericidal concentrations of nitrofuran preparation on Staphylococcus aureus. Under the influence of the preparation in the minimum bactericidal concentration (6.25 μg/ ml) for 3 hours, the Golden Staphylococcus loosening of the outer layer of the cell wall in some areas was revealed, electron-dense formations in the cytoplasm, a decrease in nucleoid differentiation, with an exposure of 6 hours their deeper structural changes were found. Under the influence of four time bactericidal concentration (25 μg / ml) of the drug for 3 hours thinning of the cell wall in some areas or local disappearance of its inner layer were found, the cytoplasm had the form of coarse-grained structure of inhomogeneous optical density, in the nucleoid zone filamentous formations were revealed, in some cells there were marked zones of lysis of different sizes, the nucleoid in them was not revealed, at the exposure of 6 hours the bactericidal effect was manifested by violation of the structure of the cell wall, destruction of the cytoplasm and nucleoid, lysis of a significant portion of the cells, for which the characteristic feature was the complete absence of cytoplasm and nucleoid.

There were studied the distribution, character of the course, clinical signs of associative gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases of pigs in the farms of the Krasnodar and Stavropol regions. Laboratory diagnostics of these diseases was carried out. As a result of the conducted studies, it was established that associative infections affect young growth groups of different age and sex groups. The incubation period of the disease lasts from several hours to two - five days. In pigs, associative diseases do not reveal specific clinical signs that make it possible to accurately diagnose. Diagnosis of diseases should be carried out only with the obligatory carrying out of complex clinical-epizootological and laboratory methods of research.

Listeria monocytogenes may cause acute infectious disease of zoonotic nature and is characterized by a multiplicity of infection routes. In humans and it is typically transmitted as a food-borne pathogen. The article tells about the method of screening, accelerated and classical diagnosis and identification of the pathogenic microorganism Listeria monocytogenes can be found in such as fresh meat, milk products, fish and semi-finished products produced in the territory of the Republic of Crimea. Identification of a microorganism in foods is associated with the need to improve methodological approaches to identifying and identifying microorganisms of the genus Listeria, which will shorten the time frame for diagnosis and increase the productivity of identification methods. Based on the results of the monitoring, a comparative analysis of accelerated and highly specific methods of identification of the pathogen with a description of its inherent morphological, biochemical and cultural properties was carried out.

Our article is dedicated to the study of the new aerosol - disinfectant «Gludeziv», that is sprayed at the presence of poultry. New disinfectant «Gludeziv» ( production of Open Company « FarmPromVet») consists of the following working substances - glutaric aldehyde 25 %, alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride - 14%, and as assistives - glycerin - 2,5 % and distilled water. «Gludesiv» can be diluted with simple water in different proportions. It’s antimicrobial activity comprises gram-positive and gram- negative microorganisms, mycobacterium tuberculosis and anaerobic spore-forming, also virurses and fungi. Desinfectant blocks oxidatve-reductive properties at the microbial -cellulare, being competitor of the amino-groups of microbial proteins. The aims of our study were the survey of the activity of «Gludeziv» against principal bacterial agents of poultry diseases in vitro by the method of serial delutions; study of its sanitary characteristics at the presence of poultry and its influence on the birds organism and especially on the respiratory tract of poultry. Materials and methods: We studied antimicrobial activity of «Gludesiv» in vitro by method of serial delutions against epidemiological microbial poultry isolate Salmonella enteriditis. In the first dilution microbial concentration was 50 %, each further concentration twice lower, till 20ht concentration - 0,0030517578125%. As one of the results - new disinfectant showed complete absence of microbial growth in MPP broth and Endo-agar in dilutions form 1 till 12, at the 13 - th dilution - 0,0030517578125% presented lower growth in comparison with control medium without disinfectant, that is bacteriostatic effect.

The article presents data on monitoring the development of the epizootic situation of brucellosis in the Krasnodar Territory from 2001 to 2017. New knowledge about the dynamics of epizootic manifestation has been obtained, which made it possible to predict the prevention, occurrence, spread, prevention and minimization of the risks of elimination of this infection. According to brucellosis, the epizootic situation is complex, characterized by a pronounced tendency to expand the disease. Forecast for the next few years is unfavorable, we should expect an increase in the number of dysfunctional items, and the number of diseased animals in them, which indicates the development of the epizootic process. The disease was recorded during all months of the year, but most intensively from March to June, the epizootic process of brucellosis in the Krasnodar Territory is characterized by pronounced spring seasonality.

Viral diarrhea in cattle is a contagious disease of predominantly young animals, which in the last 5 years has become widespread in the world and in Russia. The purpose of the work is to identify the need for developing a scheme for the specific prevention of viral diarrhea in cattle in the Leningrad Region on the basis of epizootic, serological, and molecular-biological studies. For the serological study of the livestock, a "Set of erythrocyte diagnosticum for serodiagnosis of viral diarrhea of cattle in the reaction of indirect haemagglutination" was used (Agrovet, Russia). PCR was carried out with sets of "VD", "MIC-COM", "HLA-COM" (Russia). Reverse transcription and real-time amplification were performed in a Rotor-Gene instrument (Corbett Research, Australia). PCR results for electrophoretic detection of amplification products were taken into account using the Gel Imager video system and the Gel Analyzer software. An analysis of the dynamics of livestock in the Leningrad Region over the past 10 years has been carried out. The results of serological screening and molecular-genetic identification of the causative agent of viral diarrhea in cattle in the conditions of the Leningrad Region are presented. The absence of a common scheme for diagnosis, prevention and treatment of the disease has been identified, which necessitates the development of a scheme for specific prevention of cattle viral diarrhea and a system for diagnostic monitoring of the disease in the Leningrad Region.

In this paper, the productive indicators of broiler chickens are given after a double vaccination with the feed method with a mixture of attenuated strains L-2-15 E. acervulina at a dose of 3000 oocysts / head, L-3-2 E. maxima at a dose of 500 oocysts/head and L-1-23 E. tenella at a dose of 1,000 oocysts/head with concurrent administration of a preparation based on yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae type boulardii (I-1079) not less than 2 x 10⁹ CFU/g. Chicken broilers were divided into groups: immune group, immune group with probiotic, control group of infection, control group of infection with probiotic, control native group and control native group with probiotic, 9 heads each. Twenty one days after the start of vaccination, the bird of immune groups and control groups was infected with a mixture field cultures of E. acervulina at a dose of 1,91 million oocysts/ head, E.maxima at a dose of 0,01 million oocysts/ head and E. tenella at a dose of 0,29 million oocysts/ head, isolated from the Russian poultry industry. The bird was observed for ten days after infection, taking into account the productive parameters of broiler chickens and the percentage of survival by groups. Statistically significant differences were obtained in the mean daily growth in the live weight of broiler chickens in control groups and control groups with a probiotic. Decrease in the average daily gain of live weight was observed in the groups of control infected and control infected with probiotic after infection with a mixture of field cultures of Eimeria. The survival rate in the control group is 88,9 %. In the immune group and the immune group with probiotic, broiler chickens were not observed to die.

When parasitizing helminths in the digestive tract of small cattle, often accompanied by a subclinical course of the disease, dramatically reduces the anabolism of muscle protein, which is ultimately one of the main causes of meat losses. In the farms of the Stavropol Territory, helminthiases (nematodes and cestodoses) restrain the intensive development of fine-fleeced sheep breeding with coverage of infection of animals to 100%. The article presents the results of studies of the effectiveness of the drug for veterinary use of niklomec in nematodes and cestodoses of small horned cattle. The drug was developed by Ltd NVC Agrovetzashchita, the active ingredients include anthelmintics of the group of macrocyclic lactones and salicylanilides. The research was carried out on the basis of the experimental station All-Russian Research Institute of Sheep and Goat Industry, a branch of the North Caucasian Scientific Agrarian Center (Tsimlyansky, Shpakovsky district, Stavropol Territory). Coproovoscopic studies of sheep feces were carried out before and 10 days after application of the preparation. The drug niklomek in a dose of 1ml of a suspension per 10 kg according to the results of coprological studies showed against intestinal nematodes in sheep an intensiveness-efficiency of 96.7% and extensiveness of 70%, and against monies-100% efficiency.

The studies on the role of signal proteins and steroid hormones in the regulation of reproductive processes in sows in normal and pathological conditions were conducted on 20 sows included into the experiment on 110-112 days of pregnancy and on 3-4 days after farrowing divided into two groups depending on the nature of the postpartum period: the sows of the first group (n=10) were clinically healthy; the sows of the second group (n=10) were infected with endometritis and MMA. It was found that the sows with the risk of developing pathology in the reproductive organs observed the increase in the level of progesterone against the background of reduced content of estradiol-17β and cortisol with the activation of the synthesis of pro - and anti - inflammatory cytokines (before farrowing), in the postpartum period there was the increase in the level of progesterone and estradiol - 17β and the ratio of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines. During the resumption of sexual cycles the increase in cortisol, reducing the ratio of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines, indicators of which can serve as signal markers in the regulation of reproductive processes in sows in normal and pathological conditions were observed.

The article presents the materials of the studies on the effect of bovine recombinant α-and γ-interferons of 2.5 ml on microbiological and immunological parameters of milk of clinically healthy lactating cows. It was found that the monthly double treatment of lactating cows with bovine recombinant α - and γ-interferons at the intervals of 48 hours provided a preventive effect in 37.5% of the animals, reducing the number of the cow milk contaminated with microflora, and the degree of its contamination, as well as optimized immunological indicators of the udder secretion (lysozyme, total immune-globulins, CEC).

The research is devoted to the study of the possibility of predicting postpartum diseases in sows: acute postpartum endometritis and metritis-mastit-agalactia (MMA) during pregnancy by determining the serum of sows steroid hormone dehydroepiandrosterone- sulphate (DHEA-C). It was found that the DHEA-C content in sow blood ranged from 7-49 ng / ml and averaged 27.4±1.60 ng / ml. From the number of sows farrowing after remaining clinically healthy 83.3% of the animals the contents of DHEA-S in blood was in the range of 25-49 nm /ml and 16.7% of the species-19-21 nm/ml. Among the sows, suffered by postpartum endometritis and MMA 18.2% the contents of DHEA-S was 29 and 31 ng/ml and 81.8% of 7-17 ng/ml In 88.2% of sows with the content in the serum hormone DHEA-25 ng/ml or more post-Natal period was uneventful and in 11.8% of the animals postnatal pathology was registered in the form of endometritis. In 25.0% of the animals with serum hormone levels less than 25 ng/ml postpartum complications were not registered and 75.0% had endometritis and MMA. Based on this, the content of DHEA-C in the blood of the sows in the amount of less than 25 ng/ml is considered as the criterion for predicting postpartum diseases - endometritis and MMA. The sensitivity of the forecasting method amounted to 87.5%, specificity amounted to 81.8% and accuracy amounted to 84.2 per cent.

The article presents the results of studying the efficiency of the bovine recombinant a-and y-interferons application in the prevention of mastitis in cows, their influence on the immune-biochemical parameters of blood. The experiments were carried out on clinically healthy lactating cows. The animals of the first group (n=16) were not treated with drugs, they served as a control one; the cows of the second group (n=16) from the first day after calving were injected monthly intramuscularly with an interval of 48 hours with bovine recombinant α - and γ-interferons of 2.5 ml. Evaluation of the efficiency of the use of bovine recombinant α-and γ-interferons was carried out three times a week using diagnostic studies of milk with 2% solution of the mast test. The studies were conducted for 4 months. As a result of the tests, it was found that the developed method prevents the incidence of mastitis in 37.5% of animals, normalizes the immune status of the cows both due to humoral (BASK, CARESSES, CEC, General immunoglobulins) and cellular link (FAL, lymphocytes), increases the level of antioxidant protection (GPO, catalase), reduces the intensity of free radical oxidation of lipids (MDA).

The article presents the research materials on the study of the peculiarities of early embryogenesis disorders - syndrome of embryo development delay and intrauterine death in dairy cows. In the conditions of farms of the Voronezh, Belgorod and Orel regions, the embryo and fetus development delay syndrome is registered in 33.0% of fertilized cows, and intrauterine death - in 16.5%. The degree of manifestation of the disorders of embryonic development is dependent on the level of their milk productivity: with an annual milk yield of4000-5000 kg of milk, the delay syndrome is diagnosed in 26.9%, intrauterine death - in 11.9%, 6000-7000 kg - respectively in 33.2 and 16.8%, 8000-9000 kg - in 38.9 and 20.0%. Developmental delay syndrome and intrauterine death are most often diagnosed in cows of the first lactation (45.5 and 25.4%) and tend to decrease with increasing age of animals, as well as in animals fertilized after four or more inseminations - 47.6 and 30.8%, respectively, 1.96 and 3.58 times more compared to the cows pregnant after the first insemination.

The aim of the work was to study changes in the structure of the mammary gland in ewes after treatment of catarrhal mastitis by preparation of dioxinor with combined use of oxytocin and novocain blockade according to D.D. Logvinov. The work was carried out in SEC "Gasan" of Dagestan Republic on the ewes of Dagestan rock, in the number of 6 heads with catarrhal mastitis. Three sheep bor study pathoanatomical and histological studies were scored before treatment, and three after treatment. In sick ewes, a thickening of the mucous membrane of the cistern and large ducts was noted macroscopically, in places with spot-spot hemorrhages, histological studies established dystrophy and necrobiosis of lactocytes, which was accompanied by active desquamation. In the treatment of catarrhal mastitis with a drug dioxinor in combination with oxytocin and novocaine blockade on the seventh day, with a pathoanatomical study, the structure of the mammary gland was normal, and histological examination revealed the formation of a stable recovery process in the mammary gland, manifested in the purification of the alveoli from the exudate, the restoration of the epithelium.

The article presents the materials of the research on the study of morphological, biochemical, immunological parameters of blood of cows with different nature of the first month of gestation and the level of milk productivity. It was found that with the increase of milk productivity in animals with complicated pregnancy (the syndrome of delayed embryo development and intrauterine death) there is an increase in the content of leukocytes by 20.4-46.6%, including eosinophils - by 28.9-56.8%, rod neutrophils - by 1.66-2.0 times, monocytes - by 11.8-26.5%, indicating the development of inflammatory reaction in pregnant animals. In these animals, there is a more intense increase in the level of total protein by 6.0-10.9%, urea - by 9.1-13.9%, creatinine - by 10.7-19.8%, with a decrease in glucose and total lipids by 5.9 and 5.8%, respectively, which leads to excessive accumulation of protein metabolism products, increased functional load on the liver and kidneys. In the cows predisposed to the development of the syndrome of delay and intrauterine death, the content of vitamin A reduced by 6.0-13.9% compared to the animals with normal gestation, vitamin E - by 6.4-24.1%, copper - by 9.9-12.8%, zinc - by 12.1-16.6%, manganese - by 3.1-6.5%, selenium - by 5.1-8.5% associated with iodine protein - by 4.7-7.4%.m especially in highly productive animals, reducing the viability of the embryo and its normal development. In 32-35 days of pregnancy, the highest concentration of progesterone was observed in animals with physiological gestation with milk production of 4000-5000 kg and is 54.6±2.9 nmol/l, and the lowest in highly productive cows -44.1±3.4 nmol/l, which is 23.8% less. In the cows with physiological course of gestation the concentration of progesterone at the end of the first month of gestation by 17.9% and 27.9% was higher than in the development of the syndrome of delayed development of the embryo and 45.1-60.1 per cent compared to the intrauterine death. Gestation in highly productive cows occurs on the background of low progesterone levels being the risk factor for embryopathy.

In heifers inseminated in 14-15 months. and 20-22 months., at the final stage of pregnancy, signs of hestosis are registered in the form of edema, placenta - in 16.7-23.1%, vestibule-vaginitis - in 25.0-23.1% and subclinical mastitis - in 7.7-8.3%. The lowest number of complications of parturation and postpartum period was found in the animals inseminated at 16-18 months age, obstetric aid was less by 10.1 to 6.7%, compared to 14-15 months. and 20-22 months. injury of the birth canal - by 15.2-7.2%, the detention of the placenta - 7.1 and 6.2%, postpartum endometritis - 21.8-27.8 percent. At the same time in the animals inseminated at the age of 16-18 months. the terms of completion of the allocation of suckers and uterine involution were 22.4±0.32 and 28.5±1.13 days respectively being 2.8-3.6 and 5.5-9.6 days shorter compared to the animals of other groups.

In experiments on 375 lactating cows, the effectiveness of the use of progestogens, gonadoliberins and gonadotropins was evaluated to reduce embryonic losses and delay the development of the embryo and fetus. The possibility of increasing their effectiveness by combining the prescription with the biologically active preparation Sat-Som and the selenium-containing drug Selemag is shown. Prophylactic efficacy increased from 8.3 to 16.3% to 18.5-35.7%. New approaches to increasing the efficiency of insemination of cows by the assignment of recombinant bovine interferon-tau and a nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitor Flunixin meglumin prolonging the progesterone-synthesizing function of the corpus luteum are proposed. The prospects of their application are shown.

In the nanoscale state, many substances acquire unique properties, become biologically more active, which opens up new possibilities for their use in pharmacology and veterinary medicine. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of the influence of nanomaterials on biological objects are still unclear [3]. The aim of this study - the evaluation of the effect of silicon-containing compounds (nanoparticles HDS and DMCG) on fertilization of donor bovine oocytes and the development of pre-implantation embryos in vitro. The object - cumulus - oocyte complexes (СОС), aspirated from follicles of the bovine ovaries. Culture of oocytes was performed in medium TC-199 with glutamax-1 (Gibco, Invitrogen Co., Scotland, UK) supplemented with 25 mM sodium pyruvate, 100 IU / ml penicillin G, 100 pg / ml streptomycin, 1 pg / ml β-estradiol, 10 ng / ml FSH and 10% fetal bovine serum (Gibco, Invitrogen Co., Scotland, UK). The experimental groups were supplemented with HDS nanoparticles (AA Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine) and DMSG (Institute of Organic Synthesis named after I.Ya. Postovsky, Russia) at concentrations of 0.001%, 0.2% or 0.4% of the volume of the medium, respectively. There are no significant differences in the level of cleavage and in the proportion of embryos reached the blastocyst stage between the control group and the group of oocytes matured in the presence of 0.2% and 0.4% of DMCG. Addition of nanoparticles in cultural medium increased cleavage rate and the number of blastocysts (78% and 39%, respectively, P <0.001, P <0.005, P <0.05). In general, the results of this study can be used to modernize the maturation system of donor oocytes by introducing silicon-containing compounds into the cultural medium. The absence of the cytotoxic effect of DMSG suggests the possibility of usage DMSG as a component of 3D systems for the culture of female gametes.

The indicators of daily exchange among highly productive cows in the fresh period are determined. It was found that the cows predisposed to the disease of subclinical mastitis, during lactation was at a lower level than that of clinically healthy animals, erythrocyte content of 3.4-8.9%, haemoglobin - 8.8-9.7%, with a lower haematocrit rate of 7.6-10.5% and a greater number of leukocytes 6.7-7.1%, as well as neutrophils and a lower content of cells involved in humoral and cellular immunity. Their energy metabolism was characterized by lower levels of total lipids and glucose. They had less calcium and more phosphorus. As forthe biologically active substances they had lower levels of LP by 7.4 - 8.7%, selenium-14.8 -17.7%, vitamin A-11.4 - 30.4%, vitamin e-12.7 - 17.9%, vitamin C-17.8-21.3%. The POL process was characterized by a high level of malonic dialdehyde-13.8-15.7% and the antioxidant defence system less activity indicators glutationperoxy-dasy- 4.8 and 11.6%, catalase - by 13.4 25.1 percent. Values of SBBA on 1-3 days after calving they exceeded those of healthy animals, and indicators of LABS and general immunoglobulins were less important. 1.5 months after calving,the cows suffering from subclinical mastitis had more intense humoral immune response - the level of total immunoglobulins exceeded its content in healthy animals by 14.5%. They have remained elevated SBBA with less LABS.

In animals inseminated at 16-18 months. during pregnancy, there is a variability in the concentration of thyroid hormones, which is apparently associated with the functional activity of the hormonal profile. Their bodies experience less pregnancy-related stress, as evidenced by lower concentrations of cortisol during pregnancy and higher concentrations at the end of pregnancy. During the formation of the fetoplacental complex in the animals of this group there is a higher level of erythropoiesis. The body of heifers at the age of 20-22 months insemination experience allergic load almost at all stages of pregnancy.

In the conditions of the industrial complex for the production of milk, which contained cows of Holstein breed with an average level of productivity of 7.2 thousand kg of milk for the previous lactation, studies were carried out to study the likelihood of the development of diseases of the distal limbs, in case of scarring of high-yielding cows. As a model of dysfunction of rumen acidosis was used, experimentally induced by giving silage with excess acetic acid. It was revealed that in clinically healthy animals, the level of "average" mass (MCM) molecules in the rumen fluid, determined at wavelength 237 nm, was less than 2.0 conv. units, in the blood serum the concentration of MSM at a wave of 254 nm - less than 0.3 conv. units, antihistamine factor titer is less than 1:160. A high degree of likelihood of development within 10 - 15 days diseases of the distal limb indicated an increase in MSM in scar contents at the wavelength of 237 nm over 2.0 CONV. units, in the serum of MSM at a wavelength of 254 nm and greater than 0,3 CONV. units and AGF titer more than 1:160. Control of these parameters allows to predict the development of diseases of the distal limbs in cattle with the aim of preventive measures.

The problem of a massive and effective examination of horses for the purpose of early detection of tendon injuries is very urgent. The pathologies of the tendons cause considerable economic damage: despite the fact that the period of treatment and restoration of working capacity lasts for up to a year, not all horses return to training after trauma. Clinical, anatomical and histological observations have repeatedly confirmed that ultrasound diagnostics has a great potential in detecting morphological changes in tendons and tendon structures. According to statistics, the greatest percentage of injuries of tendons occur during periods of preparation and during competitions. It is recommended to conduct ultrasound scans for sports horses: before participating in competitions, if the competition lasts several days, preferably throughout the competition, after the competition. Increasing physical activity is recommended to be carried out under the supervision of ultrasound scanning, especially when training young animals, as well as the appearance of even minor clinical signs like a pain reaction. Damage to the interosseous third muscle, superficial flexor of the finger, deep flexor of the finger is not diagnosed infrequently. Rare detection of such injuries is associated with the complexity of visual diagnostics of these structures. Ultrasonic diagnostics with independent application has established itself as a method that provides valuable objective information about the condition of the tendon-ligament apparatus of horses in those cases when other diagnostic methods do not provide an objective picture of the disease.

In the article effectiveness of wound reconstruction with rotary cutaneous flap in dogs after elbow hygroma excision is considered. 13 clinical cases were evaluated. The early postoperative period proceeded without complications in 69,2 ± 13,3 % cases. Complications of the early postoperative period were the formation of seromа and local necrosis of the skin flap. The formation of trophic skin defect and relapse of eblow hygroma were in the long-term follow-up.

As it is known, on remote equestrian runs, horses undergo a thorough veterinary control and, upon removal from the competition, the veterinary commission for health reasons are sent to the veterinarian in charge of the competition for subsequent detailed examination and, if necessary, treatment. The attending veterinarian, as well as members of the veterinary commission, are approved in the official position for the competitions of the Federation of Equestrian Sport of Russia (FCCR) or the International Equestrian Federation (Fédération Équestre Internationale, FEI). The research was carried out at the international competitions in the Leningrad region (Russia) for horses that got to the official doctor of the competition because of lameness.

The aim of the work was to study the effectiveness of the drug Dr. Chistotelof in dogs with dermatosis. The subject of the study were males (n = 32) aged 1 to 10 years. They studied the regeneration of the skin. It is established that the inclusion of Dr. Chistotelof in the treatment of dermatosis in dogs helps restore the skin condition: it stops the development of active hyperemia, exudation, normalization of local temperature. As a result of local application of the solution, Dr. Chistoteloff on the dermatosis focus in dogs, within 14 days, the length of the borders of the dermatosis focus decreases, and the number of segmented neutrophils decreases.

The article presents the results of the study of the efficacy of recombinant alpha- and gamma interferons in white mice on the model of formalin inflammation in comparison with a drug from the group of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) - diclofenac. It has been established that the use of alpha- and gamma-interferons, as well as the combined preparation on their basis, has a pronounced preventive effect. While diclofenac was not effective enough for its preventive use. The therapeutic effect of preparations of alpha and gamma interferons at the stage of local inflammation is comparable with the efficacy of diclofenac.

Medetomidine, alpha2-agonist, has the official recommendations for use by the wild mammalian animal and bird species in immobilization and anesthesia goals in Europe, the USA and Canada. However, in Russia this drug has not passed the officially approved approbation as such of a means for wild animal species. In this study was show the possibility of using medetomidine, as well as its safety in wild and zoo animals during anesthesia. Effective doses of medetomidine was -20-120 mkg/kg (depending on the type of animal). The doses were generally comparable with international recommendations. The first signs of sedation, against medetomidine, occurred in 6 to 25 minutes, and recovery in animals after administration of antipamezole was 5 to 45 minutes after administration (depending on the type of animal). All animals have a good tolerated induction during of immobilization, and that not lethal outcomes observed.

The article presents the results of the complex application of synbiotics and antibiotics to treat agricultural poultry from diseases of bacterial etiology and reduce the negative consequences of antibiotic therapy. In the conditions of farms, schemes for their joint use as alternatives to fodder antibiotics have been worked out. Complex application of the symbiotic and antibacterial preparation of the cyprotentor increased the safety of the livestock by 12.5%, the European index of prolactivity - by 22.5%.

In the introduction, the main directions of livestock and veterinary development are provided, which ensure the overcoming of the crisis in these sectors. The purpose of this work was to analyze the risk factors that cause dangerous diseases in calves, sows and chickens, the timely detection of which prevents their spread and ensures the receipt of safe and high-quality products of animal origin. The article examines the main factors affecting the high level of disposal of imported cows, associated with changes in approaches to their feeding, content and sensitivity to unfavorable environmental conditions. The scheme of pathologies that bring the greatest economic damage to modern cattle breeding is given. The most dangerous diseases of sows of reproductive age (metritis-mastitis-agalactia) are considered, its development is schematically presented, recommended methods of fighting this disease are described. It is shown that enterprises producing poultry products must ensure traceability throughout the entire production chain, including feed and ingredients. The scheme of traceability and the list of the factors influencing their quality and safety are resulted. The effect of mycotoxicosis on the susceptibility of birds to bacterial, parasitic (colibacteriosis, coccidiosis) and viral diseases was noted. It is emphasized that the solution to this problem can only be complex. Innovative methods developed by the VNIIPFIT GNU are given, which allow to eliminate the problems associated with these diseases.

This paper contains data on “Elitox” preventive treatment evaluation in pregnant cows. The assessment of “Elitox” preventive treatment in pregnant cows during the last trimester of pregnancy was conducted. Despite the careful and close feed mycotoxins contamination monitoring, the mycotoxicosises specificity is cumulative effect, i.e. gradually mycotoxins accumulation in tissues. Also there is mycotoxins danger in dairy production - the mycotoxins from dayri cows transfer to the milk and consequently to consumers. Mycotoxins is extremely resistant to different influences (temperature, pressure, radiation). The research was conducted in North-Western region of Russian Federation and in biochemistry and physiology department laboratory of FGBOU VO «SPbSAVM» on white-and-black cattle. Experimental group included 10 cows which received my-cotoxin eliminator «Elitox» in last-trimester of pregnancy (10 g per day). Control group included 10 cows which didn’t receive mycotoxin eliminator «Elitox». The blood samplings were taken four times - at the 6 th, 7 th, 8th and 9th months of pregnancy. Consequently mycotoxin eliminator «Elitox» in last-trimester pregnant cows application leads to metabolic normalization in pregnant cow. Also there is marked metabolic stress elevation during last trimester pregnancy in cows. Integrated preventive measures for mycotoxycosises in dairy cattle are not only beneficial for cows health, but also is essential for dairy products quality elevation and for calves health and productivity improvement.

A production of products of the poultry farming volume in a country grows swiftly. Consumer activity compels to take into account the permanent increase of requirements to the biological full value and safety of poultry farming products that depends straight on quality of forage. In this connection perfection of zoohygienic terms of maintenance and development of new forage additions are conducted for birds. Experimental studies of application of fish feed addition and her biological efficiency are undertaken at growing of chickens-broilers. The studied fish feed addition is the product of processing of wastes fish and grain-growing productions. An experiment was conducted on the department of feeding and hygiene of animals of the "Saint-Petersburg State Academy of veterinary medicine". The organoleptic, physical indexes of this feed addition, and also her nourishing value, are studied. For an experiment the chickens-broilers of industrial cross-country race of "KOBB-500" were used and it is formed 4 groups.

The interest to the organic foodstuffs grows steadily all over the world. Nowadays this segment of Russian food market is characterized by high degree of import dependence and relatively low share of domestic producers, mainly small scale farmers and backyard producers. There are expectations, that production of ecologically clean poultry meat and eggs will occupy larger market share. The article describes the challenges, which face producers of organic products in the Leningrad Region. This Region id evaluated as an area of risky crop production and agriculture here takes high economical expenses. The paper discusses prospects of further development of the organic products in Leningrad Region and considers some topics: Which type of poultry is most suitable for organic production? Who can act as an organic poultry producer in Leningrad Region? In the paper is analyzed dynamics of the eggs and poultry meat production and birds number in Leningrad Region totally and in small farms. There is stressed, that the small scale producers, who begin to deal with organic poultry husbandry often meet financial losses due to not proper management of organic production. They keep hopes on the new Federal Law, related to the organic agriculture, which, as expected, should stimulate organic poultry production. The author underlines, that in the Regions of Russian Federation year to year the authorities pay more attention to the problems of farmers and there are financed various programs, aimed to support small scale producers. In spite of all challenges Leningrad Region has a big potential for development of organic poultry production.

In this article, the analysis of between such breeding signs as a yield of milk, the mass fraction of fat and protein, the amount of milk fat and protein for 305 days for 8 lactations for the cows of Ayrshire breed. All the of the appraised animals made 815 heads. Were calculated and studied mean values of all signs, range between maximal and minimum values, standard deviation. The mean values % of fat and % protein was maximal in the first and last to the lactation, and in other lactations insignificantly, so that on the diagrams a trend line is horizontal. The middle indexes of the amount of albumen and fat had a tendency to constancy and insignificantly increased to the last lactations, that it is related to the increase in the yield of milk to the last lactation. Standard deviation the fat mass fraction was 0.05; the protein mass fraction was 0.06; the amount of milk fat 12.2; the amount of milk albumen 6,8; that shows homogeneity of meanings on these signs. Between the mass fraction of fat and the mass fraction of protein, the correlation was r = 0.3; between yield of milk and mass fraction of fat, the correlation was r = -0.2; between yield of milk and the mass fraction of protein r = -0.3. A weak positive or negative correlation was observed in all lactations. Genetic correlation between the amount of milk fat and amount of suckling albumen, by the yield of milk and amount of suckling albumen, by the yield of milk and amount of suckling fat was positive r=0,9, because these attributes are linked through milk. To illustrate the changes in lactation parameters and compare them, diagrams were constructed. It can be concluded on the results of the work done that the selection of cattle in this breeding center was carried out simultaneously by yield of milk, milk fat and milk protein and was progressive, which led to a high productivity of animals up to 8 lactations.

The work on studying the influence of local vermiculite on excretion of heavy metals from the organism of milk cows. Experienced vermiculite is a natural mineral from the South Kazakhstan region, produced by "AVENUE" LLP. For the first time using the local vermiculite feeding lactating cows a comprehensive analysis of environmental parameters evaluated influence of environmental factors on the organism of animals peculiarities intermediate exchange and set vermiculite influence on the quality of livestock production. The article presents the problems of environmental pollution with heavy metals, such as cadmium, mercury, lead, arsenic and their migration in the soil-water-feed system-livestock products (milk).

The result of years of uncontrolled use of feed antibiotics in poultry industry has become widespread gastrointestinal diseases. These and other reasons have led to the need to create new non-dangerous drugs that aim to improve the internal environment of the intestine and increase the stability of the walls of the intestinal mucosa. Restoration of intestinal biocenosis by feeding drugs with live beneficial microorganisms, called probiotics, allows you to restore and maintain normal digestion. This drug in our study is PBAOT. The drug is a biologically active oxidative peat (PBAOT) obtained by special processing of peat with subsequent separation of a solid precipitate. The drug is a dark brown liquid with a specific smell. PBAOT activates the immune system of animals (BASK, LASK, phagocytosis, T and B - lymphocytes, OB, Ig, erythrocytes, Hg, neutrophils), leads to the fact that the body can better resist the appearance of gastrointestinal diseases, as well as respiratory diseases, has a positive effect on the normalization of digestive and biochemical processes occurring in the body of the animal, has an enveloping effect. For our study at the daily age was formed 3 groups of birds in the amount of 2000 heads (1 control and 3 experimental) for five hundred heads in each broiler chickens cross "Cobb-500". In the study of biochemical parameters of blood chickens (table 1) found a significant effect of the drug on the metabolic processes in young birds in the age dynamics. The optimal dose PBAT 1.0 ml/head daily until the end of the cultivation period helps to normalize the metabolism.

The study of the quality of hen eggs is one of the main ways to improve the quality of eggs and the efficiency of the industry, as well as allows to control the technological conditions and quickly eliminate the causes that influence the change in their properties. As a result of the work, some reasons negatively affecting the increase in the productivity of the hens and the quality of their eggs have been identified. The concentration of malone dialdehyde was 30.5% and 35.6% lower in the group of healthy poultry than in the first and second groups. At the same time, stable metabolites in eggs produced from healthy poultry were higher than in the eggs from the hens with cloacitis and cannibalism by 55 and 26%, respectively. These indicators confirm the high level of antioxidant systems of their body. At the same time, the studied pathologies negatively influence the quality of the product.

In the conditions of the industrial complex for milk production, a research work was carried out to study the age-related features of the nasal mucus composition in clinically healthy calves from birth to 6 months of age. It is shown that the biochemical profile of nasal mucus depends on the age. At the same time, its dynamics is characterized by the most pronounced changes in the first five days of life, followed by the formation of a relatively stable level, which is achieved at 23 months of age. The parameters of the barrier function also undergo significant changes in the first five days of life, while the mucin level has already reached a stable level, but lysozyme activity stabilizes at the age of 2 months. The dynamics of the indices studied makes it possible to evaluate the processes of formation of the nasal mucus composition, which in turn reflects the state of the mucociliary system and the secretory function of the epithelium of the respiratory tract. Despite the age-related changes in the values obtained, their comparatively small variability allowed us to start collecting data for the calculation of reference intervals.

The article presents the results of the study of protein metabolism in the Black Sea bottlenose dolphins in the conditions of the Utrish dolphinarium of the open type. Dolphins are kept in conditions that are as close as possible to natural ones. Therefore, they are fully influenced by various factors of the external environment - daily and seasonal variations in air and sea water temperature, atmospheric precipitation, changes in the direction and speed of movement of air masses. The study of the metabolism of dolphins within the framework of this study objectively reflects the trends inherent in these animals during their life in freedom. The serum of the blood was examined for the content of total protein, albumins, globulins, urea and creatinine. The concentration of total protein and its fractions showed no pronounced seasonal changes. A feature in the Black Sea bottlenose dolphins associated with a low content of albumin in the blood serum is found - from 7.56 to 10.33 g /l. This is an adaptive mechanism to regulate the oncotic blood pressure in the aquatic environment. The content of urea and creatinine revealed significant differences due to the change in the seasons of the year. The lowest values of the urea level were determined in the autumn season, in the winter the indicator significantly increased by 18.5%, in the spring - by 23.5%. This indicates an increased conversion of amino acids into glucose in the cold seasons. The minimal concentration of creatinine was found in the winter season, in summer and autumn the indicator significantly increased by 29.2% and 22.4%, respectively. This is explained by intensive training and performances of dolphins in the regime of increased load on skeletal muscles.

In recent years the mouflons (ovis orientalis musimon) are actively imported into the game husbandry of Russia. There is not enough data on the peculiarities of the mineral metabolism of these animals. The aim of the work is studying the features of mineral exchange of moufflons in the content on loamy soils of Central Russia. Biochemical studies of 48 samples of blood serum of moufflons of different sex and age from private hunting farms of the Tver region were conducted. The level of serum calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, chlorides and activity of alkaline phosphatase were determined in animals. These studies were carried out on a veterinary semi-automatic analyzer Biochem SA manufactured by HTI Diagnostics. The results showed that the iron content in the serum of mouflon (regardless of gender and age) exceeded the standard values by 1.5-1.8 times and averaged 30.4 - 33.0 μmol/l in adult animals and 37.8 μmol/l in young animals. The calcium content was lower than the norm for domestic sheep, and the level of phosphorus was at the upper limit of the norm for sheep. The ratio of calcium to phosphorus had a shift towards phosphorus. All animals regardless of gender and age had high levels of magnesium. It is necessary to continue monitoring of a larger number of animals for a more objective assessment of the features of the mineral metabolism of moufflons, which are kept in different regions, taking into account the assessment of their clinical condition, mineral composition of pasture soils and water.

This article examines the results of a comparative study of metabolic processes in cows with low and high milk productivity. The concentration of total protein, urea, creatinine, glucose and cholesterol in the blood serum of cows was studied during periods of dryness, after calving and lactation. Formation of groups of cows was carried out according to the results of previous lactation. The observation showed that in the current lactation the level of productivity in the cows studied was preserved. Within four months after calving, intergroup differences in milk yields were 24, 1 - 36, 8%. The study of the dynamics of various metabolic parameters in cows revealed both stable home metabolites and homeostatic metabolites, which depend on the physiological phase and on the level of milk productivity. The absence of pronounced intergroup fluctuations was noted in relation to total protein, glucose and creatinine. Similar dynamics of urea levels in cows of both groups is established. So, after calving the indicator decreases, then it increases. During the height of lactation in highly productive cows, the urea level is 19.2% higher. There is a progressive increase in cholesterol in both groups with a significant increase within each group compared with the dry period. The maximum values during the height of lactation are higher than the initial values by 2.4 times in low-productivity and 3.0 times in highly productive cows. In highly productive cows at the end of the observation period, the cholesterol level is higher by 18.6%.

White outbred mice at the age of 8 months, selected by the method of pairs-analogues, were used for the study. In this case group 1 - non lactating mice, group 2 - lactating. Histological preparation was prepared from the breast of mice in 1, 7, 14 days of pregnancy and on the first day of delivery. The sections were stained with hematoxilin-eosin. The duration of lactation at the time of the study was 7 days. In mice, the mammary gland was isolated, cut and made an imprint on the slide. The prepared preparations were dried and stained with Pappenheim and examined using immersion optics. Prior to pregnancy, rare galactophores channels to be and the accumulation of cells around them are found in the embryo. The morphological structure of the breast on the first day after birth, i.e. on the first day of the colostrum period, allows us to note the almost complete replacement of the glandular parenchymal connective fat tissue. The presence and composition of leukocytes in the mammary gland is directly dependent on the physiological state of the female. This humoral interaction is an important factor in the maintenance of the breast in a certain status, due to which the synthesis of colostrum and milk occurs in the alveoli.

The article represents the results of studies on the nutritional value of nutria meat of different age groups. The nutritional value of meat consists of quantitative relationships of substances such as fat, protein, carbohydrates. Samples of meat for determining the nutritional value of nutria meat were selected from the middle, front and back parts of the nutria carcasses that are 6, 12 and 24 months old. A joint sample of these parts of the carcass was also made. The moisture content was determined by drying in a drying cabinet according to State Standard 33319-2015 "Meat and meat products. Method for determining the mass fraction of moisture "; protein in accordance with State Standard 25011-81 "Meat and meat products. Methods for the determination of protein " the amount of total nitrogen by the Kjeldahl test mineralization; Fat according to State Standatd 23042-2015 "Meat and meat products. Methods for determination of fat "using the Soxhlet extractor. Also, a comparative reference analysis of the nutritional value of nutria meat, pork, and beef was carried out, with the values obtained as a result of the studies (combined sample). As a result of the conducted studies it was found that the greatest amount of protein and moisture is contained in the back and middle part of the carcass obtained from nutria at the age of 12 and 24 months and in the same way that the nutria meat exceeds pork, bacon and beef by the mass fraction of protein. High protein content, low fat content, which makes it possible to classify this type of meat as dietary, and determines its use as raw material for the production of various types of meat products.

Modeling of clinical situations in cattle rumen was carried out with the help of the "artificial rumen" system. An experiment was conducted in which the influence on the microbiota and digestion processes in the rumen was studied with an increase in oxygen in its contents to 2.0 and 4.0 mg / l, as well as the appraise effect of saturation and the introduction of live brewer's yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae 1026. It has been revealed that the content of dissolved oxygen in the contents of the rumen is one of the regulating factors of the digestive processes and the vital activity of microorganisms. With moderate oxygenation of the contents of the rumen (2.0 mg / l), mechanisms for removing excess oxygen and adapting the microbiota to an increase in oxygen are activated, which, as a result, excludes the violation of cavity and symbiont digestion. In the case of critical oxygenation (4 mg / l), the adaptive-compensatory potential of the contents of the scar was insufficient, which was manifested in the preservation of elevated oxygen levels, partial defaunication and development of the syndrome of endogenous intoxication. A comparative evaluation of the two methodological approaches to deoxygenation has shown that the supplantation of oxygen by carbon dioxide against the background of an increase in oxygen consumption due to the introduction into the rumen of live beer yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae 1026 exerts a degassing effect, the effectiveness of which depends on the degree of hyperoxygenation.

Based on the order of the Ministry of Agriculture of the USSR No. 270 of October 2, 1978, the Leningrad Veterinary Institute established the Department of Organization and Economics of Veterinary Affairs with a course on labor protection. Associate Professor Nikolai Mikhailovich Kalishin was appointed the head of the department. In 1989 Kalishin N.M. defended his thesis for the degree of Doctor of Veterinary Sciences under the scientific supervision of Academician Urban V.P. In 1991 Kalishin NM was awarded the academic title of professor in the department of organization and economics of veterinary medicine. For 32 years until 2010, Professor Kalishin Nikolai Mikhailovich was the head of the department, and until 2014, Professor of the Department of Organization of Veterinary Affairs.